Batman franchise media

Adaptations of Batman in other media
Created by Bob Kane
Bill Finger
Original source Comics published by DC Comics
First appearance Detective Comics #27 (May 1939)
Print publications
Novel(s) Batman: Dead White
Reference book(s) Batman: The Complete History
The Batman Handbook: The Ultimate Training Manual
Films and television
Film(s)
Television
show(s)
Theatrical presentations
Musical(s) Batman: The Musical
Audio presentations
Radio show(s)
Soundtrack(s) Batman: Original Motion Picture Score (1989)
Games
Board game(s) HeroClix
Video game(s)

Since his first appearance in 1939, Batman has been adapted into various media such as film, radio, television, and video games, as well as numerous merchandising items. The Batman franchise is the sixth highest-grossing franchise of all time, having made an estimated US$23.8 billion.[1]

Film

Live-action

A number of Batman theatrical films have been made. There have also been several attempted projects during the hiatus between Batman & Robin and Batman Begins.

Serials

Batman: The Movie

In 1966, Batman: The Movie feature film based on the contemporaneous Batman television series was released. It starred Adam West as Batman, Burt Ward as Robin, Cesar Romero as the Joker, Burgess Meredith as the Penguin, Frank Gorshin as the Riddler, and Lee Meriweather as Catwoman.

Burton / Schumacher eras

Occupation Films
Batman
(1989)		 Batman Returns
(1992)		 Batman Forever
(1995)		 Batman & Robin
(1997)
Director Tim Burton Joel Schumacher
Producer(s) Jon Peters
Peter Guber		 Denise Di Novi
Tim Burton		 Tim Burton
Peter MacGregor-Scott		 Peter MacGregor-Scott
Screenwriter(s) Sam Hamm
Warren Skaaren		 Daniel Waters Lee Batchler
Janet Scott Batchler
Akiva Goldsman		 Akiva Goldsman
Story by Sam Hamm Daniel Waters
Sam Hamm		 Lee Batchler
Janet Scott Batchler
Cinematographer Roger Pratt Stefan Czapsky Stephen Goldblatt
Composer Danny Elfman Elliot Goldenthal
Editor(s) Ray Lovejoy Chris Lebenzon Dennis Virkler Dennis Virkler
Mark Stevens
Batman portrayer Michael Keaton Val Kilmer George Clooney
Release date June 23, 1989 June 19, 1992 June 16, 1995 June 20, 1997
Running Time 126 minutes 126 minutes 122 minutes 125 minutes

Dark Knight Trilogy and DC Extended Universe

Occupation Dark Knight Trilogy DC Extended Universe
Batman Begins
(2005)		 The Dark Knight
(2008)		 The Dark Knight Rises
(2012)		 Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice[2][3]
(2016)		 Suicide Squad
(2016)		 Justice League[4][5]
(2017)
Director Christopher Nolan Zack Snyder David Ayer Zack Snyder
Producers Charles Roven
Emma Thomas
Larry Franco		 Emma Thomas
Charles Roven
Christopher Nolan		 Charles Roven
Deborah Snyder		 Charles Roven
Richard Suckle		 Charles Roven
Deborah Snyder
Jon Berg
Geoff Johns
Screenwriter(s) Christopher Nolan
David S. Goyer		 Jonathan Nolan
Christopher Nolan		 Chris Terrio
David S. Goyer		 David Ayer Chris Terrio
Joss Whedon
Story by David S. Goyer Christopher Nolan
David S. Goyer		 Chris Terrio
Zack Snyder
Composer(s) Hans Zimmer
James Newton Howard		 Hans Zimmer Hans Zimmer
Junkie XL		 Steven Price Danny Elfman
Cinematographer Wally Pfister Larry Fong Roman Vasyanov Fabian Wagner
Editor(s) Lee Smith David Brenner John Gilroy David Brenner
Richard Pearson
Martin Walsh
Batman portrayer Christian Bale Ben Affleck
Running time 140 minutes 152 minutes 165 minutes 151 minutes 123 minutes 120 minutes
Released June 15, 2005 July 18, 2008 July 20, 2012 March 25, 2016 August 5, 2016 November 17, 2017

Animated

Featuring Batman

Team-Ups

Web series

Other

Television

Live-action

Bruce Wayne

In 1999, Tim McCanlies wrote a pilot script and series bible for a planned series called Bruce Wayne to be produced by Tollin/Robbins Productions. Taking place in his teenage years, the series would cover his passage into young adulthood, training, and development into becoming Batman. Other characters would include Alfred, Sergeant Jim Gordon, law school student Harvey Dent, and a seductive young Selina Kyle. Planned to run for five to six seasons, it would show how he acquired his martial arts skills, his equipment, and detective abilities he would use in his war on crime. It would also focus on topics such as corruption within the board of Wayne Enterprises (an element which influenced Batman Begins and Gotham) and police affiliation with the mafia. Bruce Wayne was nearing pre-production when Warner Bros. movie division felt it would conflict with the planned Year One movie and scrapped it. The result was Batman Begins and Tollin/Robbins Productions later went to create Smallville, a series about a teenage Clark Kent.[9]

Gotham

In 2014, Warner Bros. Television and Fox Network premiered the series Gotham with show creator Bruno Heller, which focuses on James Gordon (played by Ben McKenzie), a detective solving Thomas and Martha Wayne's murder.[10][11] The pilot began filming in March 2014 and features Bruce Wayne (played by David Mazouz) at 12 years old. Fox Chairman Kevin Reilly revealed that the series has an origin story of Wayne becoming Batman in the final episode, and origin stories for Riddler, Penguin, Joker and Catwoman. The series has a similar tone to the Christopher Nolan Batman films.[12] Danny Cannon directed the pilot and executive produces the series.[13]

Arrowverse Series

Bruce Wayne or Batman is mentioned in various times of The CW's series The Flash, Arrow, Supergirl and DC's Legends of Tomorrow.

Pennyworth

Gotham creator Bruno Heller and executive producer Danny Cannon will develop an Alfred Pennyworth TV series titled Pennyworth which will be an origin story on a younger Alfred and his past as a soldier in the SAS. The two will also be the showrunners for the series and will air in 2019 on Epix.[14][15]

Animated

Super Friends

DC Animated Universe

Other

  • 1968–69: Superman, produced by Filmation; featured Batman in Batman with Robin the Boy Wonder segments; Batman segments were later repackaged as The Adventures of Superman and Batman with Robin the Boy Wonder (voiced by Olan Soule)
  • 1970: Batman appears in three animated educational shorts as part of Sesame Street's first season. Olan Soule reprises his role of Batman
  • 1972: The New Scooby-Doo Movies, produced by Hanna-Barbera; Batman and Robin appeared in episodes "The Dynamic Scooby-Doo Affair" (9/16/72) and "The Caped Crusader Caper" (12/16/72), where Olan Soule again portrays the Caped Crusader
  • 1990: Alvin and the Chipmunks parodied Batman in the 1990 television episode "Batmunk".
  • 1997: Appeared in the Animaniacs episode "Boo Wonder"; Adam West reprises his role as the Caped Crusader
  • 2004: Teen Titans; appears in silhouette in the episode "Haunted", in a flashback sequence
  • 2004–08: The Batman; in this series, Bruce Wayne is a young crime fighter just three years into his career as Batman. He is voiced by Rino Romano
  • 2005–06: In Krypto the Superdog, Batman himself makes no appearances, but his pet dog Ace the Bat-Hound does, although Ace prefers to refer to himself as "Batman's partner," rather than his pet
  • 2008–11: Batman: The Brave and the Bold; based in part on the comic book series of the same name, the series has Batman (voiced by Diedrich Bader) team-up with several other DC Comics heroes
  • 2010–13: Young Justice; the animated series of Young Justice features Justice League members as well as Batman voiced by Bruce Greenwood, who played the role in the animated film Batman: Under the Red Hood[16]
  • 2012: Mad; when their fellow heroes feel under-appreciated, they appeal to Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman about being called "Super Friends"
  • 2012: New Teen Titans short, "Red X Unmasked"; a cameo appearance as one of the people under the mask of Red X and says his famous line from Batman: The Animated Series, "I am Vengeance, I am the Night, I am," but his mask comes off before he can say his name; voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson
  • 2013: Teen Titans Go!; Batman makes non-speaking cameo appearances in the episodes "La Larva de Amor", "Girl's Night Out", "Books", "Sidekick", "Slumber Party", "Thanksgiving" and "Real Boy Adventures"
  • 2013: Beware the Batman; a CGI animated series that features Katana as Batman's sidekick[17] (voiced by Anthony Ruivivar)
  • 2016-: Justice League Action; Batman appears as one of the three lead characters in the show, with Kevin Conroy reprising his role.[18] He has claws in his gloves in an attempt to look more slender than most other incarnations of the character. His child-self is voiced by Tara Strong.
  • 2019-: Harley Quinn; Batman is set to appear in the upcoming animated series on DC Universe, with Diedrich Bader reprising his role.

Radio

Beginning in March 1945, Batman and Robin made regular appearances on the radio drama The Adventures of Superman on the Mutual Broadcasting System. Batman was voiced by Matt Crowley, Stacy Harris and Gary Merrill, with Ronald Liss as Robin.

Efforts were later made to launch a Batman radio series in 1943 and again in 1950, but neither came to fruition.

In 1989, an original radio drama, Batman: The Lazarus Syndrome, was produced by Dirk Maggs for BBC Radio 4. Bob Sessions was the voice of Batman.

A second Maggs production aired on BBC Radio 1 in 1994, this time adapting the comic book storyline Batman: Knightfall. It was adapted, produced and directed by Maggs—with music composed by Mark Russell—who had also made Superman: Doomsday & Beyond on BBC Radio 5. This show, however was not commissioned of its own, but rather to be three-minute episodes on the Mark Goodier Show. This meant it was written with a sense of immediacy; having to make an instant effect and each three-minute segment contains a major plot development or sound effect stunt and ends on a cliffhanger. DC acknowledged the effort in an issue Shadow of The Bat by having villains jump past a sign reading "Dirk Maggs Radio". Michael Gough reprised the role of Alfred Pennyworth from the Burton/Schumacher film series.

Newspaper

From 1943 to 1946, Batman and Robin appeared in a syndicated daily newspaper comic strip produced by the McClure Syndicate. Other versions appeared in 1953, 1966, and 1989. The original run is collected in the book Batman: The Dailies. One more comic strip series ran briefly after the success of the 1989 film.

Books

Batman appears in a novel by cyberpunk/horror novelist John Shirley, titled Batman: Dead White from Del Rey. Many other novels and short story collections featuring Batman have been published over the years, including novelizations of each of the recent movies (such as Batman and The Dark Knight Rises) and many of the comic book arcs.

There are also several more scholarly works, aimed at either Batman's history or art, such as Les Daniels' Batman: The Complete History, Will Brooker's Batman Unmasked: Analysing a Cultural Icon and compilations such as Batman: Cover to Cover: The Greatest Comic Book Covers of the Dark Knight. In 2004, The Batman Handbook: The Ultimate Training Manual, written by Scott Beatty was published by Quirk Books ( ISBN 1-59474-023-2). Written in the same style as The Worst-Case Scenario Survival Handbook series, the book explained the basics on how to be Batman. Amongst the skills included in the book are "How to Train a Sidekick", "How to Execute a Backflip", "How to Throw a Grappling Hook", and "How to Survive a Poison Gas Attack". Finally, there are of course countless sticker, coloring, activity, and other children's books featuring the Dark Knight.[19]

Foreign comics

Novelty singles

Several musical singles featuring cast members of the television show singing in-character were released in 1966: Burgess Meredith as the Penguin in "The Capture" and "The Escape", Frank Gorshin as the Riddler in "The Riddler", and Adam West as Batman in "Miranda". In 1976 West performed a pair of novelty songs, "The Story of Batman" and "Batman and Robin", for Target Records. All six of these recordings (sans the b-sides to Gorshin and West's singles) were later included on the 1997 compilation, Batmania: Songs Inspired by Batman TV Series.

In 1966, Burt Ward also recorded a limited "disc jokey only" release with Frank Zappa called "Boy Wonder, I Love You".

Also in 1966, British novelty group The Scaffold produced a single called "Goodbat Nightman" (lyrics by Roger McGough, who "has written several poems" about Batman and Robin).[20]

Audio drama

Following the popularity of the Adam West television series, a pair of LPs were released in 1966 on MGM's "Leo the Lion" label. Each contained three dramatizations, including stories adapted from Batman comic books:

  • The Official Adventures Of Batman And Robin:
    • The Legend of Batman and Robin
    • The Penguin's Plunder
    • The Joker's Revenge
  • More Official Adventures of Batman & Robin:
    • The Marriage of Batman and Batwoman
    • The Fake Boy Wonder
    • When Batman Became a Coward

Throughout the 1970s Batman was the subject of a number of Power Records Book-and-record sets, as well as records unaccompanied by books:[21]

45 rpm book and record sets:

  • Batman: Stacked Cards
  • Batman: Robin Meets Man-Bat

7" 33​1⁄3 rpm records no comic:

  • Batman: If Music be the Food of Death
  • Batman: The Scarecrow's Mirages
  • Batman: Catwoman's Revenge

33​1⁄3 rpm 12 book and record sets:

  • Batman: Gorilla City & Mystery of the Scarecrow Corpse
  • Batman (Collects Stacked Cards, The Scarecrow's Mirage, Challenge of the Catwoman, If Music Be the Food of Death)
  • Batman (Collects Robin Meets Man Bat, Gorilla City, Mystery of the Scarecrow Corpse, The Catwoman's Revenge)
  • A Super Hero Christmas (segment Batman: Christmas Carol Caper)

The 1980 mini-series, The Untold Legend of the Batman was available in a special "MPI Audio Edition." Each of the three issues were accompanied by an audio cassette containing a performance of the text of the issue, with musical cues.

As part of its DC Superheroes collection, in 1982 Fisher-Price released Batman: The Case of the Laughing Sphinx, an audio cassette accompanied by a hard back illustrated book.

In 2007, the audiobook publisher GraphicAudio licensed DC Comics properties to adapt as audiodramas. They have produced three adaptations of Batman novels: Batman: Dead White by John Shirley, Batman: Inferno by Alex Irvine, and Alan Grant's Batman: The Stone King. Batman also appears as a supporting cast member in the GraphicAudio's adaptations of Crisis on Infinite Earths, Infinite Crisis and JLA: Exterminators.

Video games

Video games featuring Batman include:

The Revenge of Shinobi features a non-authorized Batman as a boss. The 8-bit Nintendo Entertainment System game Final Fantasy features "Badman", a character with strong resemblances to Batman, as one of the enemies of the final area.

Lego: Batman

Batman appears in the Justice League Task Force Super NES fighting game, a pair of Justice League games for Game Boy Advance, and an arcade game based on the Tim Burton film. He appears in the Justice League Heroes game for PS2, Xbox, and PSP and has appeared in the crossover game Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe.[24] Batman has also appeared as a non-player character in the MMORPG DC Universe Online. He is one of the three available "mentors" for the player, choosing him as a mentor will open an exclusive storyline and exclusive missions. Batman can be unlocked to use in Legends PVP matches with two available appearances: the normal Batman or Future Batman, wearing a grey plated armor instead of a suit, and a helmet instead of just a cowl.

Batman Arkham

Musical theatre

While a parody of a Batman musical was featured in one of the most recent series' comics, in 2002, Jim Steinman, David Ives, and Tim Burton had worked on a theatre production called Batman: The Musical although it was ultimately cancelled. Steinman has revealed five songs from the musical. The first is the opening theme for "Gotham City" and the entry of Batman with his tortured solo "The Graveyard Shift"; followed by "The Joker's Song (Where Does He Get All Those Wonderful Toys?)", "The Catwoman's Song (I Need All The Love I Can Get)", "We're Still The Children We Once Were" (the climactic sequence) and "In The Land Of The Pig The Butcher Is King", sung by the corrupt blood-suckers ruling Gotham, covered on the Meat Loaf album Bat Out of Hell III: The Monster Is Loose. These songs can be heard at the Batman: The Musical memorial site, Dark Knight of the Soul.

A Batman musical is also parodied in the animated series Batman Beyond. The episode "Out of the Past", (first aired October 21, 2000) opens with Bruce Wayne and Terry McGinnis attending a performance of (a fictional) Batman: The Musical, featuring caricatures of prominent members of the Rogues Gallery (the Joker, the Penguin, Two-Face, Catwoman, Poison Ivy, and Harley Quinn). Series creator Paul Dini, who wrote the episode in question, also wrote a song for the fictitious musical entitled Superstitious and Cowardly Lot.

An episode of the sketch comedy show MADtv also featured a Batman: The Musical parody called Batman V: Out of the Cave which starred Tommy Tune as Batman, and Ben Vereen as Robin.

A live stage show was also created, called Batman Live: World Tour. The show is a unique fusion of live action theatre, magic, stunts, digital projection and music from an 85-piece orchestra and choir. The tour began at Manchester, UK in Summer 2011 and visited arenas throughout the UK and Europe before arriving in North America in Summer 2012.

In 2012, the Internet theatre troupe StarKid Productions created a musical titled Holy Musical B@man!, which went on YouTube on April 13. It was performed in Chicago from March 16–25, and because of copyright laws, tickets were free. Batman is portrayed by Joseph (Joe) Walker.

Music

The album Knightfall by multinational Swedish band Silent Images, is based on the Batman: Knightfall story arc, with Batman serving as a central character, the "Nightly Priest". The album explores the underlying sociopolitical themes in the Batman universe, and his struggle against "The Venomous One", which is the album´s interpretation of Bane.[27][28][29]

Games, action figures, and other toys

Hundreds of Batman action figures, die-cast models, and other items have been released. Many companies have acquired the rights to make Batman merchandise, including:

Batman has appeared as a HeroClix figure, along with other Batman characters, in the following HeroClix sets:

  • Hypertime
  • Cosmic Justice
  • Unleashed
  • Legacy
  • Icons

For April 2006, Lego introduced a Batman line which also includes characters such as the Joker and Two-Face, at American International Toy Fair.

Postage stamps

In 2006, the United States Postal Service (USPS) issued a DC Comics Superheroes pane of 20 stamps which included a stamp of Batman.[30]

To celebrate the 75th anniversary of Batman, USPS released a limited edition stamp series on October 9, 2014.[31] Four versions of the superhero were depicted from the four eras of comic book history: Golden, Silver, Bronze and Modern. In addition, it included four versions of the Bat-Signal.

Theme park attractions

the central, metal laticework spire of the Batwing Spaceshot ride.
The 61 metres (200 ft)-tall Batwing Spaceshot tower in the Gold Coast, Australia

Several Six Flags theme parks, formerly owned by Warner Bros., opened live-action "Batman Stunt Shows" as the movies increased in popularity. The now closed Six Flags Astroworld in Houston, Texas was home to a standing roller coaster known as Batman: The Escape. Six Flags Over Texas in Arlington, Texas is home to two roller coasters called Mr. Freeze, and Batman: The Ride. Six Flags México in Mexico City, Mexico has also a looping, suspended roller coaster named Batman: The Ride (Six Flags St. Louis has the same ride, as does Six Flags Great America in Gurnee, Illinois) as well as twin roller coasters named Batman and Robin: The Chiller. On the latter attraction, riders may ride on either the Batman or Robin versions of the coaster. But unfortunately in the 2007 off-season, the ride was removed after a long history of technical difficulties and occasionally breaking down. Six Flags Over Georgia contains a Gotham City area that contains the same Batman: The Ride and also features a looping coaster called The Mindbender that was adapted to fit the color tone of the Riddler after Batman Forever came out to fit the Gotham City section of the park it shares with Batman: The Ride. Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California has two Batman-themed coasters, the suspended coaster Batman: The Ride, and The Riddler's Revenge, a stand-up type roller coaster. This Six Flags park also features an entire themed area called "Gotham City" complete with architecture to match that of the fictional Gotham City. Warner Bros. Movie World in the Gold Coast, Australia, also has two Batman-themed rides. Batman Adventure – The Ride, revamped in 2001, is a motion simulator style simulator ride while Batwing Spaceshot is a vertical free-fall ride.

In 2008, The Dark Knight Coaster opened in Six Flags Great Adventure and Six Flags Great America. Based on The Dark Knight film, they are Wild Mouse roller coasters, indoors, heavily themed, and give riders a feeling that they are being stalked by the Joker. Six Flags New England was originally going to receive this roller coaster; however, due to problems with building permits, the park scratched the project and then sent the coaster to Six Flags México.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Burwick, Kevin (June 24, 2018). "Pokemon Rules Them All as Highest-Grossing Franchise Ever". MovieWeb. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
  2. ↑ "Ben Affleck To Play Batman In Warner Bros' Batman-Superman Pic; Studio Sets July 17, 2015 Release Date". Deadline. August 22, 2013. Archived from the original on November 1, 2013.
  3. ↑ "Man Of Steel 2 becomes Batman vs Superman". Scified. September 17, 2013. Archived from the original on September 20, 2013. Retrieved September 20, 2013.
  4. ↑ http://www.mtv.com/news/2909448/justice-league-movie-trailer/
  5. ↑ Stedman, Alex (2016-04-13). "Ben Affleck Confirmed to Direct Standalone Batman Movie". Retrieved 2016-09-08.
  6. ↑ https://kotaku.com/first-look-at-the-batman-ninja-anime-1820907463
  7. ↑ "サイト名". dc-taka.com (in Japanese). Retrieved April 13, 2018.
  8. ↑ "A History of Batman on TV". IGN. July 17, 2008.
  9. ↑ Smith, Zack (August 1, 2014). "Before GOTHAM There Was the Curious Case of BRUCE WAYNE". Newsarama. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
  10. ↑ Andreeva, Nellie (September 24, 2013). "Fox Nabs Gotham City Origin Drama About Commissioner Gordon From Bruno Heller & Warner Bros. TV With Series Commitment". deadline.com. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
  11. ↑ Johnston, Rich (December 2, 2013). "A Double Murder In Gotham's Past And A Grundy In Arrow's Future (Update)". Bleeding Cool.
  12. ↑ "FOX's Gotham Is a Batman Origin Story and Will Have a Christopher Nolan-Esque Tone". IGN. January 13, 2014. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  13. ↑ "Fox Executive Kevin Reilly Talks Batman Origin Story GOTHAM, BROADCHURCH Remake GRACEPOINT, WAYWARD PINES, SLEEPY HOLLOW Season 2 & More". Collider.coate=January 13, 2014. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  14. ↑ "Breaking News: Alfred Takes the Stage in New EPIX Series "Pennyworth"". DC Comics. May 15, 2018.
  15. ↑ Goldberg, Lesley (May 16, 2018). "'Gotham' Boss Sets New Batman Prequel Series at Epix (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  16. ↑ Fitzpatrick, Kevin (July 23, 2010). "Comic-Con 2010: Young Justice Goes Under Cover". UGO Networks. Archived from the original on July 26, 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2010.
  17. ↑ Harvey, James (October 4, 2011). ""Beware The Batman" CGI Animated Series Coming For 2013, "DC Nation" Updates". Worldsfinestonline.com. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
  18. ↑ "Cartoon Network announces Justice League Action". Entertainment Weekly's EW.com.
  19. ↑ "Fansite For Batman Comics, Toys, Figures, News and more!". Batman YTB. June 23, 2010. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
  20. ↑ Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry, page 1359; edited by Richard Ellman and Robert O'Clair; published 1973 by W.W. Norton and co.
  21. ↑ "The Power Records Pages • Discography". Runstop.de. September 30, 2006. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
  22. ↑ Knight, Gareth (June 17, 2002). "A500 Batman Bundle". Amigahistory.co.uk. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
  23. ↑ Game Informer features a two-page gallery of the many heroes and villains who appear in the game with a picture for each character and a descriptive paragraph. See "LEGO Batman: Character Gallery", Game Informer 186 (October 2008): 92.
  24. ↑ "News: Batman in new Mortal Kombat - fatalities OUT". ComputerAndVideoGames.com. April 18, 2008. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
  25. ↑ Moriarty, Colin (March 4, 2014). "The New Batman Game is Batman: Arkham Knight". IGN. Archived from the original on March 5, 2014. Retrieved March 4, 2014.
  26. ↑ Dyer, Mitch (March 4, 2014). "Arkham Knight Has No Multiplayer, Kevin Conroy Returns as Batman". IGN. Archived from the original on March 5, 2014. Retrieved March 4, 2014.
  27. ↑ "SILENT IMAGES: Reveal cover, title and tracklist". Metal Temple. 24 February 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
  28. ↑ Cavier, Jaro (May 2016). ""Brutal, Melodico y Eclectico" - Interview with Silent Images". Metal Hammer Spain, No 342, Pg 34-35. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  29. ↑ Muerte, Hermanas (April 10, 2016). "Interview with Silent Images (Sweden)". Metal Girls In Action. Archived from the original on June 23, 2016. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
  30. ↑ "Batman stamp, 2006". Smithsonian. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  31. ↑ "Exclusive! Batman 75 Stamp Set Collection Unveiled". DC Comics. September 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
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