Anoa (armoured personnel carrier)

Pindad APS-3 "Anoa" 6x6
First production model of the Anoa APC.
Type Armoured personnel carrier
Place of origin Indonesia
Service history
In service 2009–Present (Indonesian service)
Used by See Operators
Wars UNIFIL
Production history
Designer Pindad
Designed 2006
Manufacturer Pindad
Produced 2008–Present
No. built 300+ (Anoa) & 50 (Badak)[1]
Variants See Variants
Specifications
Weight 12.5 tonnes, 14.5 tons (combat)
Length 6 m
Width 2.5 m
Height 2.17 m hull top / 2.9 m turret top (FSV variant)
Crew 3 + 10 passengers
Armor Monocoque Armoured, STANAG 4569 level 3
Main
armament
 12.7 mm MG, STK 40 AGL
Secondary
armament
 2x3 66 mm smoke grenade launcher
Engine Renault MIDR 062045 inline 6 cylinder turbo-charged diesel, Behr cooling pack
320Hp, 2500 Rpm
Power/weight 22,85 HP/ton
Transmission Automatic, ZF S6HP502, 6 forward, 1 reverse
Suspension Independent suspension, torsion bar
Ground clearance 40 cm
Fuel capacity 200 litres
Operational
range
 600 km
Speed 90 km/h
Pindad Anoa 2 at 2013 Trade Expo Indonesia with UNIFIL signature paint-scheme.

The Anoa is a 6x6 armoured personnel carrier developed by PT Pindad of Indonesia. The vehicle is named after the Anoa, which is a type of buffalo indigenous to Indonesia. The prototype was first unveiled at the 61st anniversary of TNI on October 5, 2006 in TNI HQ at Cilangkap, east of capital Jakarta.[2][3] The Anoa resembles the French VAB,[4] which is also in service with Indonesia.[5]

History

The Anoa had been officially unveiled to the public under the designation APS-3 (Indonesian: Angkut Personel Sedang, English: Medium Personnel Carrier) at the Indo Defence & Aerospace 2008 exhibition from November 19 to November 22, 2008[6][7] after being shown in a TNI parade on October 5, 2008.[8] On August 30, 2008, 10 APS-3s have been produced[9] with the plan of having 150 vehicles to be produced for the Indonesian Army[10][11] in time for their first deployment in 2009.[12]

20 of the Pansers were handed over to the Indonesian government through the Defense Ministry, part of a deal from the initial 150 vehicles to 40 due to the economic crisis.[13] 40 Pansers were delivered as part of PT Pindad's commitment to the total delivery of 154 Pansers.[14] 33 Pansers were eventually submitted to the Ministry of Defence on January 13, 2010.[15] Pindad had received loans from state-owned Bank Mandiri, Bank BNI 46 and Bank BRI as part of payments for the manufacture of the Pansers.[13]

The Anoa's were officially placed into Indonesian military service on July 2009.[16] They were publicly seen in service with the Mechanical TNI Battalion Task Force Garuda Contingent in Lebanon.[3][17]

The Anoa made its first appearance overseas when it was publicly display in BRIDEX 2011 in Brunei.[16] It was also displayed at DSA 2012 in Malaysia where a planned Malaysian-only marketed Anoa called the Rimau was unveiled to the public.[18]

Development

The development history of the Pindad Panser was started in 2003 as a result of increased military intervention in the Aceh province. During the conflict, the Indonesian Army put forward urgent requirements for an armored personnel carrier for troop transport.[19]

Pindad responded to this requirement in 2004, with the APR-1V (Angkut Personel Ringan) a light 4x4 armored vehicle based on a commercial Isuzu truck chassis,[20] 14 vehicles were built by Pindad and were sent to Aceh for evaluation and combat trials. However, the follow-on orders for another 26 vehicles were canceled following the 2004 tsunami.[21]

Pindad then continued the APC development program with assistance from the Agency For Assessment and Application of Technology or BPPT in 2004.[22] The resulted prototype was the APS-1 (Angkut Personel Sedang), a 6x4 design that was again based on a commercial Perkasa truck platform by PT. Texmaco.[23] Although it was not selected for production, the experience gained in developing the APS-1 convinced the Indonesian Army to give Pindad the go-ahead to develop the next generation of Panser vehicles, the APS-2 at a production cost of US$600,000 each. The APS-2 however, also failed to continue for mass production. Together with BPPT in 2006, Pindad started new development of APS-3 (from the development data of APS-2) which resulted in a production of the initial 4x4 prototype followed by a more refined 6x6 prototype. The 6x6 prototype first undergoing testing and trials on the beginning of 2007 and then officially unveiled to the public during Indo Defence & Aerospace 2008 exhibition on November 19, 2008.[9]

Design

Pindad Anoa at Indo Defence & Aerospace 2008 exhibition.

The APS-3 differed from its predecessors which had been based on commercial truck platforms. Instead, the "Anoa" used a monocoque hull design consisting of armored steel (RHA). The steel was made by PT. Krakatau Steel to STANAG 4569 Level 3 standard to withstand 5.56 and 7.62 mm bullets.[17] A new torsion bar suspension system was also developed for the Panser. The engine are imported from France with a Renault MIDR 062045 six-cylinder turbo-charged diesel engine fitted with ZF S6HP502 automatic transmission from Germany. The transmission consist of six forward gears and one reverse.[24]

The crew enters the front compartment through two side doors. The driver sits on the right side of the vehicle while the vehicle commander sits on the left. The gunner sits behind commander inside the weapon turret. The engine located in the middle (behind the driver), while the remaining space on the left of the engine (behind the commander) are fitted with a small weapon turret. Two additional hatches in the roof provide emergency exits for driver and commander. All of the windows are bullet-proof and the front windows also further protected by armored shutters, which can be shut entirely, leaving a small observation slit for vision. An armoured hydraulic ramp door at the rear provide access to troop compartment, there are also a single built-in door that could be opened manually in case of hydraulic system failures. Two inward-facing benches, provide seating for 5 troops each (10-troops total). Communications equipment include VHF/FM (anti-jamming and frequency hopping), crew intercom system, and GPS receiver.[19] Emergency exits doors are present on either sides of the Anoa's troop compartment as well as three roof hatches with one rear-facing light machine gun mounting can be seen on the right cupola. A video camera was also fitted at the rear of the vehicle to help driver while reversing the vehicle.[25]

Several Anoa's has been known to be equipped with locally produced Battlefield Management System (BMS) known as BMS CY-16H, developed and made by PT. Hariff Daya Tunggal Engineering (DTE) together with Army Communication Directorate (Dithubad) since 2012.[26]

On June 1, 2018, Pindad announced that it has entered into a partnership with Bhukhanvala Industries to research and develop a ceramic-based protection system for the Anoa.[27]

Anoa 2

Pindad Anoa 2 hull construction. (note the emergency exit door at the rear)

The Anoa 2 was officially revealed to the public in Indo Defence & Aerospace 2010. It was seen equipped with small waterjet propellers to swim in shallow water (replaced with additional storage bin for the mass produced version).[21] It is also equipped with an optional RCWS machine gun.[28]

Some differences from the first generation of the Anoa include rounded roof cupolas and re-positioning of the smoke grenade launchers from the sides of the vehicle to directly in front of the driver and commander cupolas,[21] modification to the windows armored shutters which in previous version of Anoa's required one to open and close them from the outside manually, improved crew intercom systems, redesign of vehicles exhaust system from previously rounded muffler with long exhaust pipes into rectangular muffler with short exhaust pipes and reduction of side windows in troop compartment from four on each side to three with addition of armored shutters on each and every windows. Modification on the troop compartment also features individual roof/wall mounted blast protection seat for 10 troops and manual override for rear hydraulic ramp. Some vehicle also fitted with camera featuring night-vision capabilities at the front of the vehicle.[28]

Badak FSV

A prototype of Anoa fire-support version using a CMI Defence's CSE-90 turret with the Cockerill 90mm Mk III gun was first unveiled at Indo Defence & Aerospace 2008,[29] it was announced that the APS-3 fire-support version would be deployed into the Indonesian Army services by 2010.[30]

Badak FSV during live-fire test.

The final, definitive version of the fire support variant was then unveiled at Indo Defence & Aerospace 2014 known as the Badak. The Badak featured a new design with all-welded monocoque steel hull with STANAG 4569 Level 3 protection, a new 340 hp power pack located at the front left and the driver now seated on the right side (beside the engine), leaving the remainder of the hull clear for the installation of the turret. The suspension also utilizes double wishbone independent suspension (as opposed to torsion bar on the Anoa) for better stability while firing the 90mm canon. The CMI Defence CSE 90LP two-person turret has a baseline protection of up to STANAG 4569 Level 1 (upgradable to Level 4) and is armed with a 90mm low-pressure rifled gun. In addition, there is a 7.62mm co-axial machine gun, with another 7.62mm machine gun mounted on the left side of the turret roof for use in the self-defence and limited air-defence roles, and also two-banks (three each) of 76mm smoke grenade launchers on either side of the turret.[31][32]

PT Pindad has signed a contract with Ireland's Timoney Technologies during IDEX 2017 at Abu Dhabi, UAE for a customized Timoney modular drive-line, transfer case, and steering system to upgrade the Badak 6×6 fire support vehicle mobility.[33]

Pindad Anoa during 2014 armed forces anniversary parade.

Armament

The baseline vehicle is fitted with a cupola on the left of the vehicle and armed with a 12.7mm (.50 cal) heavy machine gun, 7.62mm general purpose machine gun, or a 40mm automatic grenade launcher and also 2x3 66mm smoke grenade launcher.[17][21] In Indo Defence & Aerospace 2010, the Anoa 2 was shown to the public with a RCWS installed.[3][28]

Variants

Pindad Anoa FSV Prototype with a Cockerill 90 mm Mk III turret on display at Indo Defence & Aerospace 2008.

The following variants are produced by Pindad:[18][34][35][36]

  • APC
  • Up-armoured variants (Fitted with add-on ceramic armour)
  • Ambulance
  • Command
  • Logistics (Modular design for fuel/ammunition carrier)
  • VIP variant (Operated by Paspampres)
  • Armored Recovery
  • Reconnaissance/Surveillance
  • 81mm Mortar Carrier
  • Anoa 2
  • Rimau (Proposed Anoa 2 variant for Malaysia with Mercedes-Benz engine)
  • Badak FSV
  • APS-3 4x4 [Prototype]
  • Anoa FSV [Prototype]
  • Panser 20mm (Fitted with Denel's LCT20 turret) [Prototype]
  • Anoa 2 Amphibious (Fitted with trim-vane, flotation kit, bilge-pump and large propeller) [Prototype]

Operators

Map of Anoa operators in blue.

Current operators

Potential operators

  •  Brunei: In 2018, Brunei has addressed to purchase the 45 Anoa's alongside SS2s after holding informal talks back in 2015.[37][38][39] A previous contact was signed in 2011.[40]
  •  Bangladesh: A visit by a Bangladeshi trade delegation to the Pindad office has expressed interest in possible acquisition of the Panser.[41]
  •  Iraq: Iraq has expressed interest in buying the Anoa, taking the geography into account, during several meetings between Iraqi and Indonesian officials.[42][43]
  •  Malaysia: In April 2012, Ahmad Zahid Hamidi confirmed that while the Anoa had been evaluated, no decision had been made on the acquisition.[44] There are 2 options for the machine to use, Mercedes Benz or Renault both with capacities 7,000 cubic-centimeter equivalent with 320 horse power.[45] The said order was for 32 Anoa's to be purchased.[46] There is no signed deal available.[47]
  •    Nepal: Nepal was reported to have shown interest for 28 6x6 versions of the Panser for its UN peacekeeping missions.[48] There is no signed deal available.[47]
  •  Oman: Unconfirmed reports of 200 units will be order.[49] There is no signed deal available.[47]
  •  Pakistan:[50]
  •  Timor Leste: Announced interested to purchases the Anoa.[51]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 http://nasional.sindonews.com/read/844395/14/tni-tambah-24-panser-anoa-1394798598
  2. ↑ "Panser 6x6 Pindad" (in Indonesian). Angkasa. 2006-10-06. Archived from the original on 2007-07-09. Retrieved 2008-10-29.
  3. 1 2 3 "Panser Anoa dipakai Pasukan Perdamaian PBB" (in Indonesian). Berita Baik Indonesia. 2013-12-13. Archived from the original on 2015-01-29. Retrieved 2015-01-29.
  4. ↑ "Anoa Armored personnel carrier". Military Today. Retrieved 2012-02-09.
  5. ↑ "VAB Renault Armoured vehicle personnel carrier". Army Recognition. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  6. ↑ "Wapres Jusuf Kalla Buka Indo Defence 2008" (in Indonesian). Ministry of State-owned Enterprises. 2008-11-20. Archived from the original on 2015-01-29. Retrieved 2015-01-29.
  7. ↑ "Panser Anoa Tipe Apc Unjuk Kebolehan Di Pameran Indo Defence 2008" (in Indonesian). PT Pindad. 2008-11-21. Archived from the original on 2012-01-30. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  8. ↑ "JK: Panser TNI Bukan untuk Parade" (in Indonesian). Okezone. 2008-08-29. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  9. 1 2 Iqbal Fadil (2012-04-17). "Spesifikasi Panser Pindad yang diminati Malaysia" (in Indonesian). Merdeka. Archived from the original on 2013-01-18. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  10. ↑ "Pindad Optimistis Selesaikan 20 Panser Pesanan TNI" (in Indonesian). 2008-09-06. Archived from the original on 2015-01-29. Retrieved 2015-01-29.
  11. ↑ "105 Kendaraan Tempur TNI AL Tak Layak" (in Indonesian). Okezone. 2008-02-08. Retrieved 2008-12-11.
  12. ↑ "TNI Pesan 150 Unit Panser Di PT.Pindad" (in Indonesian). PAB Online. 2008-08-31. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  13. 1 2 "Indonesia's Pindad Makes Panser APC Delivery". 2009-03-03. Archived from the original on 2010-01-26. Retrieved 2009-09-05.
  14. ↑ "PINDAD DELIVERS 40 UNITS OF 6x6 ARMOURED PERSONNEL CARRIER TO DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE". PT Pindad. August 2009. Archived from the original on 23 March 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
  15. ↑ "PINDAD SUBMIT 33 PANZERS APC-2 6X6 TO THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE". PT Pindad. Archived from the original on 7 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
  16. 1 2 "The Pindad Anoa 2 Indonesian home made wheeled armoured vehicle at BRIDEX 2011". Army Recognition. 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  17. 1 2 3 "Panser APC Anoa 6x6" (in Indonesian). Kodam V/Brawijaya. 2011-01-03. Archived from the original on 2012-05-06. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  18. 1 2 Ian Kemp (2012-04-17). "DSA12: PT Pindad displays new Malaysian APC". Shepard Media. Archived from the original on 2012-11-01. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  19. 1 2 "PT Pindad Panzer APS Armoured Personnel Carrier, Indonesia". Army Technology. Archived from the original on 2012-05-31. Retrieved 2013-01-18.
  20. ↑ "KSAD Pamer Panser Buatan Pindad" (in Indonesian). JPNN Nasional. 2008-10-10. Archived from the original on 2013-01-18. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  21. 1 2 3 4 "Pindad APS-3 Anoa". Military Factory. Retrieved 2012-09-14.
  22. ↑ "Panser Amfibi Beroda Ban dari BPPT" (in Indonesian). Sinar Harapan. 2008-10-29. Archived from the original on 2007-10-16. Retrieved 2008-10-29.
  23. ↑ "BPPT-Pindad Berencana Kembangkan Tank Untuk Kebutuhan Tni" (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2012-02-12. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  24. ↑ "Pindad delivers more Panzer APCs". Space War. 2009-02-04. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  25. ↑ "13 locally made armored carriers arrive in Lebanon". The Jakarta Post. 2010-04-10. Archived from the original on 2012-05-14. Retrieved 2013-06-09.
  26. ↑ Koran Sindo (August 25, 2018). "Teknologi BMS CY-16H Diluncurkan". Koran Sindo. Retrieved September 12, 2018.
  27. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20180607105148/https://www.janes.com/article/80549/pt-pindad-expands-co-operation-with-indian-firms
  28. 1 2 3 "Panser "Anoa" Buatan Pindad Makin Gahar" (in Indonesian). Kompas. 2010-11-12. Archived from the original on 2010-11-16. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
  29. ↑ "Panser Terbaru Pindad Bersenjata Kanon" (in Indonesian). PT Pindad. 2008-11-19. Archived from the original on 2012-01-30. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  30. ↑ "Pindad Rancang Panser Canon" (in Indonesian). Tempo Interactive. 2008-08-29. Archived from the original on 2009-03-17. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  31. ↑ "Badak armed vehicle makes debut at show - Indo14-Day3". Jane's Information Group. 2014-11-06. Archived from the original on 2015-01-01. Retrieved 2015-01-01.
  32. ↑ "BPT Pindad and CMI unveil the BADAK (Rhinoceros) with Cockerill CSE 90P turret at IndoDefence 2014". Army Recognition. 2014-11-06. Retrieved 2015-01-01.
  33. ↑ "Indonesia's PT Pindad, Irish Timoney Sign Contract To Upgrade Badak 6x6 Mobility System At IDEX". www.defenseworld.net. Retrieved 2018-09-11.
  34. ↑ "Pindad Serahkan Panser di Hari Jadi TNI" (in Indonesian). PT Pindad. 2008-09-11. Archived from the original on 2013-01-18. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  35. ↑ "CMI Defence at IndoDefence 2012". Army Recognition. 2012-11-09. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  36. ↑ "The new wheeled armoured vehicle of Indonesian Army, the Pindad". Army Recognition. 2010-11-10. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  37. ↑ Quratul-Ain Bandial (2011-09-04). "Brunei to purchase from Indonesia". The Brunei Times. Retrieved 2013-06-09.
  38. ↑ Post, The Jakarta. "Brunei agrees to Pindad weapons, APC purchase: Jokowi". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2018-06-20.
  39. ↑ http://jabarprov.go.id/En/index.php/news/5678/2018/05/04/Brunei-Buy-Combat-Vehicles-from-Pindad
  40. ↑ "Armed forces of Brunei to purchase Indonesian made wheeled armoured vehicle APC Pindad 0309111 – Army Recognition". Armyrecognition.com. 2011-09-03. Retrieved 2012-06-10.
  41. ↑ "Bangladesh Delegation Interested in Ss2 and Panzer Products of Pt. Pindad". Pindad. 2007-08-29. Archived from the original on 2008-12-16. Retrieved 2008-10-29.
  42. ↑ Ismoko Widjaya and Riefki Farandika Pratama. "Era Baru Kemiliteran Irak dari Indonesia" (in Indonesian). VIVA News. Archived from the original on 2013-01-19. Retrieved 2013-01-18.
  43. ↑ "Indonesia may sell weapons, supplies to Iraq, Uganda". The Jakarta Post. 2012-08-25. Retrieved 2013-06-09.
  44. ↑ "Zahid: Don't confuse folk with armoured car issue". Retrieved 2012-04-23.
  45. ↑ "Malaysia Pastikan Beli 32 Panser Anoa Buatan Pindad". August 16, 2011. Archived from the original on 2015-01-08.
  46. ↑ "Harga Anoa Rp 1 Juta Dolar AS per Unit" (in Indonesian). Tribun Jabar. 2012-09-06. Archived from the original on 2015-01-08. Retrieved 2013-06-12.
  47. 1 2 3 "Renault APCs set for Indonesian army". Archived from the original on 2011-01-17. Retrieved 2012-09-14.
  48. ↑ "Pindad Pertimbangkan Pesanan Panser Dari Nepal" (in Indonesian). Antara News. 2009-02-27. Archived from the original on 2013-01-17. Retrieved 2013-01-16.
  49. ↑ "Pindad Kebanjiran Pesanan Panser" (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 1 November 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-14.
  50. ↑ "Indonesia offers defense equipment to Pakistan". Antara. September 20, 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2016.
  51. ↑ "Timor Leste Pesan Panser Anoa ke Pindad" (in Indonesian). ASEAN News. 2012-09-07. Archived from the original on 2013-01-18. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
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