Allied leaders of World War I
![](../I/m/WWI-re.png)
Map of the World showing the participants in World War I. Those fighting along with the Allies (at one point or another) are depicted in green, the Central Powers in orange, and neutral countries in grey.
![](../I/m/Big_four.jpg)
The Council of Four (from left to right): David Lloyd George, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, Georges Clemenceau and Woodrow Wilson in Versailles.
The Allied leaders of World War I consist of the political and military figures that fought for or supported the Allies during World War I.
![Russia](../I/m/Flag_of_Russia.svg.png)
Russia
![Russia](../I/m/Flag_of_Russia.svg.png)
- Nicholas II[2] – Last Czar of Russia, titular King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland.
- Alexander Kerensky[3] - Prime Minister of the Russian Provisional Government
- Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich[4] – Commander-in-Chief and Viceroy in the Caucasus
- Ivan Goremykin – Prime Minister (1914–1916)
- Boris Stürmer – Prime Minister (1916)
- Alexander Trepov – Prime Minister (1916–1917)
- Vladimir Sukhomlinov - Minister of War (1909-1915)
- Mikhail Alekseyev - Commander of Southwestern Front (1914), Northwestern Front (1915) and Chief of Staff (1915-1917)
- Alexander Samsonov[5] – Commander of the Second Army for the invasion of East Prussia
- Paul von Rennenkampf[6] – Commander of the First Army for the invasion of East Prussia
- Nikolay Ivanov[7] – Commander of the Russian army on the Southwestern Front, responsible for much of the action in Galicia
- Aleksei Brusilov[8] – Commander of the south, then provisional Commander-in-Chief after the Tsar's abdication
- Lavr Kornilov - Commander of the South-West Front and Commander-in-Chief (August 1917)
- Aleksey Kuropatkin - Commander of the Northern Front
- Nikolai Ruzsky - Commander of the Northern Front
- Nikolai Yudenich – Commander of the Russian forces in the Caucasus Campaign
- Andrei Zayonchkovski - Commander of the Russian-Romanian Dobruja Army in the Romanian Campaign
- Mikhail Diterikhs - Commander of the Russian Expeditionary Force at the Macedonian Front
- Dmitry Shcherbachev - Russian Army General
- Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich - Chief of the Imperial Russian Air Service
- Andrei Eberhardt – Commander of Black Sea Fleet (1914–16)
- Alexander Kolchak – Commander of Black Sea Fleet (1916–17)
- Nikolai Essen – Commander of Baltic Fleet (1913–1915)
![France](../I/m/Flag_of_France.svg.png)
France
![France](../I/m/Flag_of_France.svg.png)
- Raymond Poincaré[9] – President of France (1913–1920)
- René Viviani – Prime Minister of France (1914–1915)
- Aristide Briand – Prime Minister of France (1915–1917)
- Paul Painlevé – Prime Minister of France (1917)
- Georges Clemenceau – Prime Minister of France (1917–1920)
- Joseph Joffre[10] – Commander-in-Chief of the French Army (1914–1916); Marshal of France from the end of 1916
- Ferdinand Foch[11] – Commander of French Army Group North (1914–1916), Commander-in-chief and Generalissimo of the Allied Armies (1918); Marshal of France from August 1918
- Robert Nivelle[12] – Commander-in-Chief of the French Army (1917)
- Philippe Pétain[13] – Commander-in-Chief of the French Army (1917–1918); Marshal of France from November 1918
- Maxime Weygand – General in the French Army and one of the Permanent Military Representatives in the Allied Supreme War Council
- Maurice Sarrail – Commander of the Allied Army of the Orient on the Macedonian Front (1915–1917)
- Adolphe Guillaumat – Commander of the Allied Army on the Macedonian Front (1917–1918)
- Louis Franchet d'Espèrey – Commander of Allied Army on the Macedonian Front and in the Liberation of Serbia (1918)
- Joseph Gallieni – Military Governor of Paris and Minister of War (1915–1916)
- Marie-Eugène Debeney – General of the First Army and Chief of Staff to Philippe Pétain
- Henri Mathias Berthelot – General of French Military Mission in Romania and the Fifth Army
- Noël Èdouard de Castelnau – Commander of Central Army Group (1915) and Eastern Army Group (1918)
- Émile Fayolle – Commander of Army Group Center (1917), French divisions to the Italian Front (1917-1918) and the Army Group Reserve (1918)
- Jean César Graziani – Commander of the Italian 12th Army in the Battle of Vittorio Veneto
- Milan Rastislav Štefánik – Commander of Czechoslovak Legions
![United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland](../I/m/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png)
United Kingdom
![United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland](../I/m/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png)
- King George V - King of the United Kingdom and the British Empire
- H. H. Asquith – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (until 1916)[14]
- David Lloyd George – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1916–1922)
- Herbert Kitchener – Secretary of State for War (1914–1916)
- William Robertson - Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1916-1918)
- Douglas Haig – Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force (1915–1918)
- John French - Commander-in-Chief of the BEF (1914–1915) and Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces (1915–1918)
- Henry Wilson – Advisor of John French and Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1918-1922)
- Archibald Murray - Chief of Staff of the British Expeditionary Force (1914-1915), Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1915) and Commander of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (1916-1917)
- Edmund Allenby – Commander of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (1917-1918)
- John Jellicoe – Commanding officer of the Grand Fleet (1914–1916), First Sea Lord (1916–1917)
- Winston Churchill – First Lord of the Admiralty (1911-1915)
- David Henderson – Director-General of Military Aeronautics (1913–1917)
- Henry Rawlinson – British General in the Battle of the Somme and Battle of Amiens
- George Milne – Commander of the British forces at the Salonika Front
- Ian Hamilton - Commander of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force during the Gallipoli Campaign
- Reginald Wingate – Commander of the British forces in the Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition
- Hastings Ismay – Commander of the British forces in the Somaliland Campaign
- Stanley Maude - Commander during the Mesopotamian Campaign
![Australia](../I/m/Flag_of_Australia.svg.png)
Australia
![Australia](../I/m/Flag_of_Australia.svg.png)
- Andrew Fisher – Prime Minister of Australia (to 27 October 1915)
- Billy Hughes – Prime Minister of Australia (from 27 October 1915)
- Edward Millen – Minister for Defence (to 17 September 1914)
- George Pearce – Minister for Defence (from 17 September 1914)
- Jens Jensen – Minister for the Navy (1915-1917)
- Joseph Cook – Minister for the Navy (from 17 February 1917)
- William Birdwood – Commander of the Australian Imperial Force
- John Monash – Commander of the Australian Corps (1918)
- William Holmes – Commander of the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force (1914–1915)
- Harry Chauvel – Commander of Desert Mounted Corps (1917-1919)
![Canada](../I/m/Canadian_Red_Ensign_(1921%E2%80%931957).svg.png)
Canada
![Canada](../I/m/Canadian_Red_Ensign_(1921%E2%80%931957).svg.png)
- Robert Borden – Prime Minister of Canada (1911-1920)
- Sam Hughes – Minister of Militia and Defence (1911-1916)
- Albert Edward Kemp - Minister of Militia and Defence (1916-1917) Minister of Overseas Military Forces of Canada (1917-1918)
- Joseph Flavelle – Chairman of Imperial Munitions Board (1915–1919)
- Edwin Alderson - Commander of the Canadian Corps (1915-1916)
- Julian Byng - Commander of the Canadian Corps (1916-1917)
- Arthur Currie - Commander of 1st Canadian Division (1915-1917) and Canadian Corps (1917-1919)
![British Raj](../I/m/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png)
India
![British Raj](../I/m/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png)
- Lord Hardinge – Viceroy of India (1910–1916)
- Lord Chelmsford – Viceroy of India (1916–1921)
- Robert Crewe-Milnes – Secretary of State for India (1911-1915)
- Austen Chamberlain – Secretary of State for India (1915-1917)
- Edwin Samuel Montagu – Secretary of State for India (1917-1922)
- Beauchamp Duff - Commander-in-Chief, India (1914-1916)
- Charles Monro - Commander-in-Chief, India (1916-1920)
- John Nixon - Commander in the British Indian Army
![Union of South Africa](../I/m/Blue_Ensign_of_South_Africa_(1912%E2%80%931928).svg.png)
South Africa
![Union of South Africa](../I/m/Blue_Ensign_of_South_Africa_(1912%E2%80%931928).svg.png)
- Louis Botha – Prime Minister of South Africa
- Jan Smuts – Commander in the South-West Africa Campaign and in the East African Campaign (1916-1917)
- Jacob van Deventer - Commanded the Union Defence Force and later all forces of the South African Overseas Expeditionary Force in the East African Campaign (1917-1918)
![Dominion of New Zealand](../I/m/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png)
New Zealand
![Dominion of New Zealand](../I/m/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png)
- William Massey – Prime Minister of New Zealand
- Alexander Godley – Chief of Army of New Zealand Military Forces (1910-1914) and The New Zealand Expeditionary Force (1914-1918)
- Alfred William Robin – Quartermaster-General and Chief of Army of New Zealand Military Forces (1914-1919)
- Andrew Hamilton Russell – Commander of the New Zealand Division
![Dominion of Newfoundland](../I/m/Dominion_of_Newfoundland_Red_Ensign.svg.png)
Newfoundland
![Dominion of Newfoundland](../I/m/Dominion_of_Newfoundland_Red_Ensign.svg.png)
- Edward Morris – Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1909–1917)
- John Crosbie – Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1917–1918)
- William Lloyd – Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1918–1919)
![Kingdom of Serbia](../I/m/State_Flag_of_Serbia_(1882-1918).svg.png)
Serbia
![Kingdom of Serbia](../I/m/State_Flag_of_Serbia_(1882-1918).svg.png)
- Peter I[15] – King of Serbia
- Crown Prince Alexander – Regent, Commander-in-Chief
- Nikola Pašic – Prime Minister
- Radivoje Bojović – Minister of War (1914–1915)
- Radomir Putnik – Commander-in-Chief of the Serbian Army
- Živojin Mišić - Deputy Chief of General Staff (1914), Commander of First Army (1914–1915; 1917) and Chief of General Staff (1918)
- Petar Bojović - Commander of First Army (1914), Deputy Chief of General Staff (1915–1916), Chief of General Staff (1916–1917) later Commander of First Army (1918)
- Stepa Stepanovic – Commander of Second Army (1914–1918)
- Pavle Jurišić Šturm - Commander of Third Army (1914–1916)
![Kingdom of Montenegro](../I/m/Flag_of_Montenegro_(1905%E2%80%931918).svg.png)
Montenegro
![Kingdom of Montenegro](../I/m/Flag_of_Montenegro_(1905%E2%80%931918).svg.png)
- Nikola I - King of Montenegro
- Janko Vukotić - Prime Minister and Commander of the 1st Army
- Božidar Janković - Chief of Staff of the Montenegrin Supreme Command
- Andrija Radović - Prime Minister in Exile (1916-1917)
- Krsto Popović - General during the Montenegrin Campaign
![Belgium](../I/m/Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg.png)
Belgium
![Belgium](../I/m/Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg.png)
![](../I/m/ModernEgypt%2C_Fouad_I%2C_DHP13402-1-32_01.jpg)
King Albert (left) with his wife the Queen, and Fuad I of Egypt (right).
- Albert I of Belgium[16] – King of the Belgians and Commander-in-chief
- Charles de Broqueville – Prime Minister (1911–1918)
- Gérard Cooreman – Prime Minister (1918)
- Félix Wielemans – Deputy Chief of Staff (1914) and Chief of Staff (1915-1917)
- Cyriaque Gillain – Chief of Staff (1918)
- Gérard Leman – General commanding the defense of Liège
- Théophile Figeys – General in the Hundred Days' Offensive
- Charles Tombeur – Commander of the colonial Force Publique in the East African theater
![Luxembourg](../I/m/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png)
Luxembourg
![Luxembourg](../I/m/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png)
![Kingdom of Italy](../I/m/Flag_of_Italy_(1861-1946)_crowned.svg.png)
Italy
![Kingdom of Italy](../I/m/Flag_of_Italy_(1861-1946)_crowned.svg.png)
- Victor Emmanuel III[17] – King of Italy
- Antonio Salandra - Prime Minister of Italy (1914-1916)
- Paolo Boselli - Prime Minister of Italy (1916-1917)
- Vittorio Orlando – Prime Minister of Italy (1917-1919)
- Luigi Cadorna – Chief of Staff of the Italian Army (1914-1917)
- Armando Diaz – Chief of Staff of the Italian Army (1917-1919)
- Emanuele Filiberto - Commander of the Third Army
- Luigi Capello - Commander of several Army Corps and later the Second Army in 1917
- Gaetano Giardino - Commander of several Army Corps and close advisor to Armando Diaz
- Mario Nicolis di Robilant - Commander of the Fourth Army and representative to the Allied Supreme War Council
- Ernesto Mombelli – Italian commander on the Macedonian Front
- Paolo Thaon di Revel – Commander-in-Chief of the Italian Navy
- Alfredo Acton – Chief of Staff of the Italian Navy
- Luigi Amedeo – Commander-in-Chief of the Adriatic Fleet of Italy
- Maurizio Moris – Head of Italian military aviation
![Kingdom of Romania](../I/m/Flag_of_Romania.svg.png)
Romania
![Kingdom of Romania](../I/m/Flag_of_Romania.svg.png)
- Ferdinand I – King of Romania
- Ion I. C. Brătianu – Prime Minister of Romania (1914-1918)
- Alexandru Averescu – Prime Minister of Romania (1918) and Commander of the 2nd Army, 3rd Army, then Army Group South
- Constantin Prezan – Chief of the General Staff of Romania
- Vintilă Brătianu – Secretary of War
- Eremia Grigorescu – Commander of the 1st Army
![United States](../I/m/Flag_of_the_United_States_(1912-1959).svg.png)
United States of America
![United States](../I/m/Flag_of_the_United_States_(1912-1959).svg.png)
- Woodrow Wilson[18] – President of the United States
- Thomas R. Marshall[19] – Vice President of the United States
- Newton D. Baker – Secretary of War
- Josephus Daniels – Secretary of the Navy
- Tasker H. Bliss – Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army (1917-1918)
- Peyton C. March – Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army (1918)
- John J. Pershing[20] – Commander of the American Expeditionary Forces
- William Sims – Commander of all American naval forces in Europe
![Empire of Japan](../I/m/Flag_of_Japan_(1870%E2%80%931999).svg.png)
Japan
![Empire of Japan](../I/m/Flag_of_Japan_(1870%E2%80%931999).svg.png)
- Yoshihito[21] – Emperor of Japan
- Okuma Shigenobu – Prime Minister of Japan (1914-1916)
- Terauchi Masatake – Prime Minister of Japan (1916-1918)
- Kamio Mitsuomi - Commander of the Army during the Siege of Tsingtao
- Kato Sadakichi - Commander of the Second Fleet during the Siege of Tsingtao
- Kōzō Satō – Commander of the Second Special Task Fleet in the Mediterranean
![Kingdom of Greece](../I/m/Flag_of_Greece_(1822-1978).svg.png)
Greece
![Kingdom of Greece](../I/m/Flag_of_Greece_(1822-1978).svg.png)
- Constantine I – King of Greece (1913–1917)
- Alexander of Greece - King of Greece (1917-1920)
- Eleftherios Venizelos – Prime Minister of Greece
- Panagiotis Danglis – Commander of Greek forces on the Macedonian Front
- Pavlos Kountouriotis – Minister of the Navy
![Arab Revolt](../I/m/Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg.png)
Hejaz
![Arab Revolt](../I/m/Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg.png)
- Hussein bin Ali - King of Hejaz, Sharif of Mecca and leader of the Arab Revolt
- Faisal bin Hussein - Commander of the Northern Arab Army
- Abdullah bin Al-Hussein - Commander of the Eastern Arab Army
- Ali bin Hussein - Commander of the Southern Arab Army
- T. E. Lawrence - British Officer in the Arab Revolt
![Portugal](../I/m/Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png)
Portugal
![Portugal](../I/m/Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png)
- Bernardino Machado – President of Portugal
- Afonso Costa – Prime Minister of Portugal
- Jose Norton de Matos – Minister of War of Portugal
- Fernando Tamagnini de Abreu e Silva – Commander-in-Chief of the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps (1917-1918)
- José Augusto Alves Roçadas – Commander of the Portuguese Forces in the South West Africa Campaign
- José César Ferreira Gil – Commander of the Portuguese Forces in the East African Campaign
![Armenia](../I/m/Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png)
Armenia
![Armenia](../I/m/Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png)
- Hovhannes Kajaznuni – Prime Minister of Armenia
- Andranik Ozanian - Commander in the Caucasus Campaign, never recognized the First Republic of Armenia and fought independently
- Aram Manukian – Minister of Internal Affairs
- Alexander Khatisian – Foreign Minister
- Hovhannes Hakhverdyan – Defense Minister
- Tovmas Nazarbekian – General and Commander-in-Chief of the Armenian Army
- Drastamat Kanayan – General in the Armenian Army
- Movses Silikyan – General in the Armenian Army
![Thailand](../I/m/Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png)
Siam
![Thailand](../I/m/Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png)
- Rama VI – King of Siam
- Chao Phraya Bodindechanuchit – Minister of Defence
- Chakrabongse Bhuvanath – Chief of staff in the Royal Siamese Army
- Phraya Bijai Janriddhi – Commander of Siamese Expeditionary Forces on the Western Front
![](../I/m/Flag_of_the_Second_Saudi_State.svg.png)
Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
![](../I/m/Flag_of_the_Second_Saudi_State.svg.png)
- Abdul Aziz ibn Saud - Emir of Nejd and Hasa
- William Shakespear - British Military Advisor to Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
![Brazil](../I/m/Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png)
Brazil
![Brazil](../I/m/Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png)
- Venceslau Brás – President of Brazil
- Pedro Frontin – Admiral and Commander of the Brazilian Naval Division (DNOG)
- José Pessoa Cavalcanti – Brazilian Captain and part of the preparatory military mission of Brazilian officers to French units in 1918
- Dr. Nabuco Gouveia – Chief of the Brazilian Medical Delegation
![China](../I/m/Flag_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931928).svg.png)
China
![China](../I/m/Flag_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931928).svg.png)
- Duan Qirui – Premier of the Republic of China several times between 1916–1918 and Minister of War several times between 1912-1917
- Wang Shizhen - Premier of the Republic of China between 1917–1918 and Minister of War several times between 1915-1917
See also
References
- Hart, Peter (2013). The Great War. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199976270.
- ↑ At George's wedding in 1893, The Times claimed that the crowd may have confused Nicholas with George, because their beards and dress made them look alike superficially (The Times (London) Friday, 7 July 1893, p.5). Their facial features were only different up close.
- ↑ Robert D. Warth, Nicholas II, The Life and Reign of Russia's Last Monarch, 20
- ↑ Hart 2013, pp. 299–300
- ↑
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Nicholas (Nikolai Nikolayevich), Russian Grand Duke". Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York. - ↑ Who's Who: Alexander Samsonov Biography
- ↑ Who's Who: Paul von Rennenkampf
- ↑ First World War.com — Who's Who — Nikolai Ivanov
- ↑ Brusiloff, Hero of the Hour in Russia, Described Intimately by One Who Knows Him Well Charles Johnston, New York Times, 18 June 1916, accessed 8 February 2010
- ↑ J. F. V. Keiger, Raymond Poincaré (Cambridge University Press, 2002) p126
- ↑ First World War – Willmott, H. P., Dorling Kindersley, 2003, Page 52
- ↑ "Foch's Biography in French on the Immortals page of the Académie française". Archived from the original on 2012-02-11. Retrieved 2012-12-24.
- ↑ Simkins, Peter; Jukes, Geoffrey & Hickey, Michael, The First World War: The War To End All Wars, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-738-7
- ↑ Williams, Charles, Pétain, Little Brown (Time Warner Book Group UK), London, 2005, p. 206, ISBN 978-0-316-86127-4
- ↑ "HH Asquith (1852–1928)". BBC. Retrieved 16 December 2009.
- ↑ Dragoljub R. Živojinovic, Kralj Petar I Karadordevic (King Peter I Karadordevic), vol. I-III, Belgrade, BIGZ 1988–1992.
- ↑ Carlo Bronne. Albert 1er: le roi sans terre.
- ↑ King Vittorio Emanuele III
- ↑ "Woodrow Wilson". Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
- ↑ Hatfield, Mark O. (1997). "Thomas R. Marshall, 28th Vice President (1913–1921)". Senate Historical Office. Retrieved 2009-08-18.
- ↑ "Library of Congress link: Washington held the title of "General and Commander in Chief" of the Continental Army".
- ↑ Bix, Herbert P. Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. Harper Perennial (2001). ISBN 0-06-093130-2
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