Leaders of the Central Powers of World War I
A postcard depicting the leaders of the Central Powers.
The leaders of the Central Powers of World War I were the political or military figures who commanded or supported the Central Powers during World War I.
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- Franz Joseph I[1] − Emperor of Austria-Hungary (1848-1916)
- Karl I[2] − Emperor of Austria-Hungary (1916-1918)
- Count Leopold Berchtold[3] − Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister (1912-1915)
- Stephan Burián von Rajecz - Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister (1915-1916, 1918)
- Ottokar Czernin - Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister (1916-1918)
- István Tisza[4] − Prime Minister of Hungary
- Archduke Friedrich[5] − Supreme Commander of the Austro-Hungarian Army
- Conrad von Hötzendorf[6] − Chief of the Austro-Hungarian General Staff
- Arthur Arz von Straußenburg[2] − Chief of the Austro-Hungarian General Staff
- Svetozar Boroević[7] − Austro-Hungarian Field Marshal
- Oskar Potiorek - Governor of Boznia and Herzegovina and Commander of all Austro-Hungarian forces during the Serbian Campaign
- Stjepan Sarkotić - Governor of Boznia and Herzegovina and Commander in the Serbian Campaign
- Anton Haus[8] − Commander-in-Chief of the Austro-Hungarian Navy (1913-1917)
- Maximilian Njegovan[9] − Commander-in-Chief of the Austro-Hungarian Navy (1917-1918)
- Miklós Horthy[10] − Commander-in-Chief of the Austro-Hungarian Navy (1918)
- Milan Emil Uzelac − Commander of the Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops
- Józef Piłsudski - Commander of the Polish Legions
- Archduke Eugen of Austria - Austro-Hungarian Field Marshal
- Franz Rohr von Denta − Austro-Hungarian Field Marshal
- Archduke Joseph August of Austria - Austro-Hungarian Field Marshal
- Hermann Kövess von Kövessháza - Commander in the Serbian Campaign, later (ceremonially) Commander-in-chief
- Wilhelm II[11] − German Emperor
- Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg[12] − Chancellor of the German Empire (1909-1917)
- Georg von Hertling − Chancellor of the German Empire (1917-1918)
- Arthur Zimmermann[13] − German Foreign Minister
- Richard von Kühlmann - German Foreign Minister
- Helmuth von Moltke[14] − Chief of the German General Staff
- Erich von Falkenhayn[15] − Chief of the German General Staff
- Paul von Hindenburg[16] − Chief of the German General Staff
- Alfred von Tirpitz[17] − Grand Admiral and State Secretary of the German Imperial Naval Office
- Reinhard Scheer[18] − Commander of the Imperial High Seas Fleet
- Erich Ludendorff[16] − Quartermaster General (Chief of Operations) of the German Army
- Leopold of Bavaria[19] − Supreme Commander East
- Max Hoffmann[20] − Chief of Staff in the East
- Crown Prince Wilhelm - Commander of the 5th Army (1914-1916) and Army Group German Crown Prince (1915-1918)
- Ruprecht of Bavaria - Commander of the 6th Army (1914-1916) and Army Group Rupprecht of Bavaria (1916-1918)
- Albrecht von Württemberg - Commander of the 4th Army and Army Group Duke Albrecht (1917-1918)
- Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck[21] − German Commander in the East Africa Campaign
- Hermann von François[22] − German Army General
- Max von Gallwitz - General Army General
- Oskar von Hutier - General Army General
- Georg Bruchmüller - General Army General
- Alexander von Kluck - General Army General
- Karl von Bülow - General Army General
- Maximilian von Prittwitz - General Army General
- Georg von der Marwitz[23] − Prussian cavalry general in the German armies
- August von Mackensen − Field Marshal commanding on the Balkans
- Otto von Below - German Commander on the Italian Front
- Ernst von Hoeppner − Commanding General of the Air Service
- Mehmed V[24] − Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1909-1918)
- Mehmed VI - Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1918-1922)
- Said Halim Pasha[25] − Ottoman Grand Vizier
- Enver Pasha[26] − Commander-in-Chief of the Ottoman Army, Minister of War
- Fritz Bronsart von Schellendorf[27] − Chief of the Ottoman General Staff
- Djemal Pasha[28] − Commander of the Fourth Army in Syria, Minister of the Navy
- Talaat Pasha − Ottoman Grand Vizier, Minister of Finance, Minister of Interior
- Mustafa Kemal Pasha[29] − Commander of the Second Army
- Fevzi Pasha[30] − Commander of Seventh Army in Palestine
- Otto Liman von Sanders - German Commander in the Ottoman Empire at Gallipoli and Sinai-Palestine
- Friedrich Kress von Kressenstein - German Commander in the Ottoman Empire at Sinai-Palestine
- Cevat Pasha − Commander of the Dardanelles Fortified Area Command
- Selâhattin Pasha − Commander of the Dardanelles Fortified Area Command
- Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz - German Commander in the Ottoman Empire and of the Sixth Army
- Halil Pasha - Commander of the Sixth Army
- Fakhri Pasha − Commander of the XII Corps
- Hafiz Hakki Pasha − Commander of the Third Army
- Ahmed Izzet Pasha − Commander of the Second Army and Third Army, Grand Vizier (1918)
- Wilhelm Souchon[31] − German Naval Advisor to the Ottoman Empire
- Nureddin Pasha − Commander of the Iraq Area Command
- Osman Fuad − Commander of the Africa Groups Command
- Jaafar Pasha - Commander during the Senussi Campaign
- Abdul Kerim Pasha − Commander of the Third Army
- Nuri Pasha - Commander of the Army of Islam
- Ferdinand I[32] − Tsar of Bulgaria
- Vasil Radoslavov[33] − Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1913-1918)
- Aleksandar Malinov − Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1918)
- Nikola Zhekov[34] − Commander-in-Chief of the Bulgarian Army
- Georgi Todorov − Commander of the Second Army and Deputy Commander-in-Chief
- Konstantin Zhostov − Chief of the Bulgarian General Staff
- Kliment Boyadzhiev − Commander during the Serbian Campaign
- Dimitar Geshov − Commander of the First Army (1916-1918)
- Stefan Nerezov − Commander of the Third Army (1916), Morava Army Region (1917) and First Army (1918)
- Stefan Toshev − Commander of the Third Army during the Romanian Campaign and Governor of Macedonia
- Vladimir Vazov − Bulgarian Lieutenant General
- Panteley Kiselov − Bulgarian General
Co-Belligerents
- Ali Dinar − Sultan of Darfur
- Ramadan Ali − Commander-in-Chief of the Fur Army
- Manie Maritz - Boer General and leader of the Maritz Rebellion
- Christiaan de Wet - Boer General
- Mohammed Abdullah Hassan − Leader of the Dervish State
- Ahmed Sharif as-Senussi - Leader of the Senussi from 1902-1933
- Omar Mukhtar - Leader of the Senussi resistance
Client States
- Saud bin Abdulaziz[35] − Emir of Jabal Shammar
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- Fatali Khan Khoyski - Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1918-1919)
- Khosrov bey Sultanov - Minister of Defense
- Ali-Agha Shikhlinski − Azerbaijani General during the Battle of Baku
See also
References
- Hart, Peter (2013). The Great War. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199976270.
- ↑ Hart 2013, p. 9
- 1 2 Hart 2013, p. 299
- ↑ "Leopold, count von Berchtold". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
- ↑ "István, Count Tisza". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
- ↑ Jewison, Glenn; Steiner, Jörg C. "Erzherzog Friedrich". Austro-Hungarian Land Forces 1848-1918. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
- ↑ Hart 2013, p. 15
- ↑ Jewison, Glenn; Steiner, Jörg C. "Svetozar Boroević von Bojna". Austro-Hungarian Land Forces 1848-1918. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
- ↑ Duffy, Michael (22 August 2009). "Who's Who - Anton Haus". First World War.com. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
- ↑ Duffy, Michael (22 August 2009). "Who's Who - Maximilian Njegovan". First World War.com. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
- ↑ "Miklós Horthy". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
- ↑ Hart 2013, p. 2
- ↑ Hart 2013, p. 26
- ↑ Hart 2013, p. 308
- ↑ Hart 2013, p. 14
- ↑ Hart 2013, p. 67
- 1 2 Hart 2013, p. 231
- ↑ Hart 2013, p. 95
- ↑ Hart 2013, p. 250
- ↑ Hart 2013, p. 248
- ↑ Hart 2013, p. 85
- ↑ Ashby, Timothy (23 July 2012). "The German General Who Told Hitler to Go Screw Himself". Retrieved 29 January 2015.
- ↑ Royde-Smith, John Graham (11 January 2015). "World War I". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
- ↑ Hart 2013, p. 374
- ↑ Hart 2013, p. 168
- ↑ "Said Halim Paşa". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ↑ "Enver Paşa". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 3 September 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ↑ Hindley, Meredith (14 April 1997). "Review of: Dadrian, Vahakn N.: German Responsibility in the Armenian Genocide. A Review of the Historical Evidence of German Complicity. Watertown 1996". H-Soz-u-Kult. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ↑ Manoukian, Jennifer (16 April 2014). "An Encounter with Djemal Pasha". The Armenian Weekly. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ↑ Hart 2013, p. 171
- ↑ "Fevzi Çakmak". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 23 September 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ↑ Hart 2013, p. 167
- ↑ "Ferdinand". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ↑ "Bulgaria". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 20 November 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ↑ Duffy, Michael (22 September 2009). "Who's Who - Nikola Zhekov". First World War.com. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ↑ Glubb, John Bagot (1 April 2014). "Ibn Sa'ud". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
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