Abdallah ibn Abd al-Muttalib
| Abdallah ibn Abd al-Muttalib | |
|---|---|
| Born |
546 AD / 78 BH Mecca, Hejaz |
| Died |
570-571 AD / 53-52 BH (aged 24-25) Medina |
| Cause of death | Unspecified illness |
| Resting place | Darun-Nabiya, Madina Munawwara, Hejaz |
| Occupation | merchant and clay-worker |
| Spouse(s) | Āminah bint Wahb c.July 570 AD - c.Jan 571 AD |
| Children | Son: Muhammad |
| Parent(s) |
Father: 'Abd al-Muṭṭalib Mother: Fatimah bint Amr |
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Abdallah ibn Abd al-Muttalib (/æbˈdʊlə/; Arabic: عبدالله بن عبد المطلب, translit. ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib; c. 546–570) was the father of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was the son of Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim and of Fatimah bint Amr of the Makhzum clan.[1]
He was married to Āminah bint Wahb.[2] Tabari also refers to another unnamed wife.[3] However, Aminah's son Muhammad was Abdullah's only child.[4]
Name
His name "ʿAbdallāh" means "servant of God" or "slave of God".
In Latin script, ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim ('Amr) ibn Abd Manāf (al-Mughīra) ibn Qusayy (Zayd) ibn Kilāb ibn Murra ibn Ka`b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghālib ibn Fahr (Quraysh) ibn Mālik ibn an-Naḑr (Qays) ibn Kinānah ibn Khuzaymah ibn Mudrikah ('Āmir) ibn Ilyās ibn Muḑar ibn Nizār ibn Ma'ād ibn 'Adnān.[5]
Marriage
His father chose for him Āminah daughter of Wahb ibn 'Abd Munāf who was the grandson of Zuhrah, the brother of his great-great-grandfather Qusayy ibn Kilāb. Wahb had been the chief of Banū Zuhrah as well as its eldest and noblest member but had died some time previously and Āminah became a ward of his brother Wuhaib, who had succeeded him as chief of the clan.
His father went with him to the quarter of Banū Zuhrah. There, he sought the residence of Wuhayb and went in to ask for the hand of Wahb's daughter for his son. 'Abdullāh's father fixed his marriage with Aminah.[6] It was said that a light shone out of his forehead and that this light was the promise of a Prophet as offspring. Many Arabian women approached 'Abdullāh, who is reported to have been a handsome man, so that they might gain the honor of producing his offspring. However it is believed that, as decided by God, the light was destined to be transferred to Āminah through 'Abdullāh after consummating the marriage.[7] 'Abdullāh's father was the custodian of the Kaaba in Makkah. 'Abdullāh lived with Āminah among her relatives the first three days of the marriage. Afterwards, they moved together to the quarter of 'Abdul-Muttalib.
Death
Soon after their marriage 'Abdullāh was called to Palestine and al-Shām (present day Syria) on a trading caravan trip. When he left, Āminah was pregnant. 'Abdullāh was absent for several months in Gaza. On his way back he stopped for a longer rest with the family of his paternal grandmother, Salma bint Amr, who belonged to the Najjar clan of the Khazraj tribe in Medina. He was preparing to join a caravan to Mecca when he felt ill.
The caravan went on without him to Mecca with news of his absence and disease. 'Abdul-Muttalib immediately sent his eldest son al-Harith to Medina. Upon his arrival, al-Harith learned that his brother had died and that he had been buried there a month after falling ill. Harith returned to Mecca to announce the death of `Abdullāh to his aged father and his bereaved wife Āminah.[8][9]
He was buried in Dar ul Nabeghah in Madinah tul Munawwara and his mausoleum was demolished in 1976. Reportedly he was reburied in Al' Baqee Graveyard next to Muhammad's son.
Estate
'Abdullāh left five camels, a herd of sheep and goats, and a slave nurse, called Umm Ayman, who was to take care of his son Muhammad.[10] This patrimony does not prove that 'Abdullāh was wealthy, but at the same time it does not prove that he was poor. Furthermore, 'Abdullāh was still a young man capable of working and of amassing a fortune. His father was still alive and none of his wealth had as yet been transferred to his sons.[11]
Fate in the afterlife
A hadith in which Muhammad states that his father was in hell has become a source of disagreement about the status of Muhammad's parents. Over the centuries, Sunni scholars have dismissed this hadith despite its appearance in the authoritative Sahih Muslim collection. It passed through a single chain of transmission for three generations, so that its authenticity was not considered certain enough to supersede a theological consensus which stated that people who died before a prophetic message reached them—as Muhammad's father had done—could not be held accountable for not embracing it.[12] Shia Muslims scholars likewise consider Muhammad's parents to be in Paradise.[13][14] In contrast, the Salafi website IslamQA.info argues that Islamic tradition teaches that Muhammad's parents were kuffār (disbelievers) who are in Hell.[15]
His ancestors and the family tree
See also
- Abdullah (name)
- Family tree of Muhammad
- Umm Ayman (Barakah) the slave girl of Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib
References
- ↑ Muhammad ibn Sa'ad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir. Translated by Haq, S. M. (1967). Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir Volume I Parts I & II, pp. 99-100. Delhi: Kitab-Bhavan.
- ↑ Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami (2003), The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments, pp. 22, 24. UK Islamic Academy. ISBN 978-1872531656.
- ↑ Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Watt, W. M., & McDonald, M. V. (1988). Volume 6: Muhammad at Mecca, p. 6. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- ↑ Ibn Sa'd/Haq p. 107.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-02-23. Retrieved 2006-01-08.
- ↑ Cook, Michael. Muhammad. Oxford University Press: New York, 1983. ISBN 0-19-287605-8.
- ↑ Ibn Kathīr The Life of the Prophet Muḥammad : Volume 1. Trans. Prof. Trevor Le Gassick. Garnet Publishing: Lebanon, 1998. ISBN 1-85964-142-3.
- ↑ Ibn Sa'd/Haq pp. 107-108.
- ↑ Armstrong, Karen. Muhammad : A Biography of the Prophet. HarperSanFrancisco: San Francisco, 1993. ISBN 0-06-250886-5
- ↑ Ibn Sa'd/Haq p. 109.
- ↑ Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Martin Lings, George Allen & Unwin, 1983, p24
- ↑ Brown, Jonathan A.C. (2015). Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy. Oneworld Publications (Kindle edition). pp. Loc. 4042.
- ↑ alhassanain. The Nasibis Kufr Fatwa - that the Prophet (s)'sparents were Kaafir (God forbid)
- ↑ Shia Pen. Chapter Four – The pure monotheistic lineage of Prophets and Imams (as)
- ↑ islamqa.info. 47170: Are the parents of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in Paradise or in Hell?
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