432 Park Avenue

432 Park Avenue
Location within Manhattan
General information
Status Complete
Type Residences
Location 432 Park Avenue
Manhattan, New York City
Coordinates 40°45′41″N 73°58′18.5″W / 40.76139°N 73.971806°W / 40.76139; -73.971806Coordinates: 40°45′41″N 73°58′18.5″W / 40.76139°N 73.971806°W / 40.76139; -73.971806
Construction started
  • Foundation: September 2011
  • Aboveground structure: May 2012
Topped-out October 10, 2014
Completed December 23, 2015[1]
Cost US$1.25 billion[2]
Height
Architectural 1,396 ft (425.5 m)[3]
Tip 1,396 ft (425.5 m)[3]
Top floor 1,286 ft (392.1 m)[3] (occupied)
Technical details
Floor count 96
Floor area 412,637 square feet (38,335 m2)
Lifts/elevators 6
Design and construction
Architect Rafael Viñoly[3] and SLCE Architects, LLP
Developer CIM Group / Macklowe Properties
Structural engineer WSP Cantor Seinuk
Main contractor Lend Lease Group

432 Park Avenue is a residential skyscraper in New York City that overlooks Central Park. Originally proposed to be 1,300 feet (396.2 meters) in 2011,[4] the structure topped out at 1,396 ft (425.5 m).[3][5][6] It was developed by CIM Group and features 125 condominium apartments. Construction began in 2012 and was completed on December 23, 2015.[1]

The construction was preceded by the demolition of the historic 495-room Drake Hotel and adjacent, typical 19th-century New York townhouses. Built in 1926, the Drake was purchased for $440 million in 2006 (equivalent to $520 million in 2016[7] ) by developer Harry Macklowe and razed the next year. Its footprint became one of New York's most valuable development sites due to its location[8] between East 56th and 57th Streets on the west side of Park Avenue.

As completed, 432 Park Avenue is the third-tallest building in the United States and the tallest residential building in the world.[9] It is the second-tallest building in New York City, behind One World Trade Center, and ahead of the Empire State Building. It is also the first, and so far only, building in New York City outside the World Trade Center Complex to be taller than the original twin towers.

Height and slenderness

432 Park Avenue officially topped out on October 10, 2014, at 1,398 feet (426 m)[5][10] making it the second-tallest building in New York City after One World Trade Center and the fifteenth-tallest building in the world.[11] Because much of One World Trade Center's height is in its spire and its base is nearly 40 feet (12 m) lower, the rooftop of 432 Park Ave is, as of 2018, the highest in the city.

The tower sits in the middle of the block bounded by East 56th Street, Madison Avenue, East 57th Street, and Park Avenue. The building's 100-foot (30 m) base covers most of the 41,000-square-foot (3,800 m2) lot.[12] The tower is a 93-foot (28 m) square in plan, giving each floorplate an occupiable area of 8,255 square feet (766.9 m2).[13] At 15:1, 432 Park has one of the greatest height-to-width ratios of any skyscraper in the world.

Design

The building's permanent nightly illumination scheme; shown on its mechanical floors, which began on November 14, 2016.[14]

The design of the structure was conceived by architect Rafael Viñoly who was inspired by a trash can designed in 1905 by Austrian designer Josef Hoffmann.[15] The tower has eighty-four 8,255-square-foot (766.9 m2) stories, each with six 100-square-foot (9.3 m2) windows per face. Interiors are designed by Deborah Berke and the firm Bentel & Bentel, which also designed Eleven Madison Park and the Gramercy Tavern.[16] Berke's design brief was simply “no set budget, make it look fantastic”.[17] To support its thin orthogonal frame, the structure features larger columns at its base than on the upper floors.[15]

Apartments and amenities

The tower's condominium units feature high ceilings, and range from a 351-square-foot (32.6 m2) studio to a 8,255-square-foot (766.9 m2), six-bedroom, seven-bath penthouse with a library, which sold for $95 million to real estate mogul Fawaz Al Hokair.[18][19][20][21] The building's amenities include 12-foot (3.7 m) ceilings, golf training facilities and private dining and screening rooms.[22]

The first sale of apartment #35B was reported in January 2016 for $18.116 million, more than the $17.75 million asking price. Ten additional apartments were available at the time ranging from $17.4 to $44.25 million. #35B covers 4,000 square feet (370 m2), one half of the 35th floor of the tower, and contains three bedrooms and four-and-a-half baths. Each face has six 10 by 10 ft (3.0 by 3.0 m) windows, which for #35B, face south and west with views of Central Park.[23][24]

Engineering

The structure of the tower is composed of a 30-foot (9.1 m) square, reinforced concrete core with 30-inch-thick (76 cm) walls, which the engineer, Silvian Marcus, describes as "like the backbone of a body." This core houses the elevator shafts and all the building mechanical services. The outer structural skin is composed of a grid of 3 ft 8 in (1.12 m) wide columns and equal width spandrel (horizontal, exterior) beams of reinforced concrete that encloses the symmetric "basket grid" of window openings. The columns begin with a depth of 5 ft 4 in (1.63 m) at the bottom of the tower, to as little as 20 in (51 cm) at the top. This layout permits all of the interior space on each floor to remain fully open for the complete 27 feet (8.2 m) span between the core and shell.[25][26]

The façade, with the formed surface left as the final finish without any added facia, was poured in place from concrete using 14,000 psi white Portland cement, and cast around preassembled full-floor cages of #20 rebars with articulated steel formwork. The floor-to-floor height of each of the 85 stories is 15 ft 6 in (4.72 m), with 10 in (25 cm) thick floor slabs, although to damp the acceleration from wind loads, upper floors have slabs up to 18 in (46 cm) thick to add more mass. Also aimed at reducing the potentially uncomfortable effects of swaying due to wind vortex loading on such a flexible tower, the window grid and interior space of 2 floors between every 12 occupied floors are left open to allow the wind to pass through. These floors also contain modularized mechanical services for the six floors above and below to reduce ductwork. In addition two tuned mass dampers are located at the top of the tower and in the outriggers of some of the mechanical floors to help dampen the motion.[26]

Ownership

By the end of 2015, close to 90% of the apartments had been sold, with almost every other owner being a foreign citizen, "part of a global elite that collects residences like art."[27] It has been estimated that the majority of the units will remain unoccupied for more than ten months a year.[27]

Some notable residents include Bennett LeBow, Gerard Guez, David Chu, Rene Dahdah, and Jennifer Lopez and Alex Rodriguez. [28]

Reception

The skyscraper has received mixed reviews from both professionals and laymen alike since not everyone agreed with the artistic value of the building.[29][15]

  • The building has been maligned by some city residents since they believe it represents New York's increasing cost of living and ostentatious wealth.[29]
  • 432 Park's association to wealth inequality was also remarked upon by the building's architect himself, Rafael Viñoly, who commented that "There are only two markets, ultraluxury and subsidized housing."[30]
  • Fashion consultant Tim Gunn described the building as "just a thin column. It needs a little cap."[31]
  • Architecture critic of the New York Mag, Justin Davidson, said that the building is nothing more than just "stacked cubbyhole units" and questioned the creative value of the building.[15]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "World Reaches 100 Supertall Skyscrapers with Completion of 432 Park Avenue". CTBUH. CTBUH Global News. 13 January 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  2. ↑ "Ultra-luxury high rise boom amid New York's housing crisis". World Socialist Web Site. 24 June 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "432 Park Avenue - The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
  4. ↑ "CIM Group and New York real estate magnate Harry Macklowe plan 1,300 foot Manhattan condo and retail complex". PBT Consulting. October 23, 2011. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
  5. 1 2 Chaban, Matt A.V. (October 13, 2014). "New Manhattan Tower Is Now the Tallest, if Not the Fairest, of Them All". The New York Times. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
  6. ↑ "432 Park Avenue". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved September 19, 2013.
  7. ↑ Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2018). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved January 5, 2018. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the Measuring Worth series.
  8. ↑ "Drake Hotel tops most valuable NYC development sites list". The Real Deal. June 21, 2011. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
  9. ↑ "The Skyscraper Center". CTBUH. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  10. ↑ "Inside the Tallest Residential Building in the Western Hemisphere". ABC News. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
  11. ↑ "432 Park Avenue - The Skyscraper Center". SkyscraperCenter.com. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  12. ↑ "Zoning Documents". NYC Buildings. 6 December 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
  13. ↑ Budin, Jeremiah (7 April 2014). "Here's 432 Park Avenue's 92nd-Floor $79.5 Million Penthouse". Curbed. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
  14. ↑ "432 Park Avenue Unveils Its Lighting Display". www.yimbynews.com. Retrieved November 17, 2016.
  15. 1 2 3 4 Rhodes, Margaret. "NYC's $1.3B Supertall Skyscraper Was Inspired by a Trash Can". WIRED. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  16. ↑ "432 Park Avenue". CityRealty.
  17. ↑ "The rise of New York's luxury towers". MATT POMROY. 2015-12-03. Retrieved 2018-08-23.
  18. ↑ Rosenberg, Zoe (2015-05-29). "Buyer Outed For 432 Park Avenue's $95 Million Penthouse". Curbed NY. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  19. ↑ "Inside 432 Park Avenue, The $95 Million New York City Apartment - Pursuitist". pursuitist.com. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  20. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (May 18, 2013). "Boom in Luxury Towers Is Warping New York Real Estate Market". The New York Times.
  21. ↑ Alicia Adamczyk (October 16, 2014). "Inside New York's $95 million Penthouse: 432 Park Avenue". Forbes Life. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
  22. ↑ Karmin, Craig (October 19, 2011). "New York Placing Tallest Order". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 14, 2012.
  23. ↑ "432 Park Avenue". 432ParkAvenue. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  24. ↑ "432 Park Avenue Records Its First Blockbuster Closing at $18.1M". 6sqft. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  25. ↑ Alberts, Hana. "Watch 432 Park's Engineer Explain How The Tower Stays Up". Curbed NY. Vox Media. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  26. 1 2 Stewart, Aaron. "In Detail> 432 Park Avenue". The Architect's Newspaper. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  27. 1 2 Marc Pitzke (December 1, 2015). "Mausoleum des Reichtums" (in German). Der Spiegel. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  28. ↑ "Here's who lives at 432 Park Avenue". The Real Deal. May 1, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
  29. 1 2 "432 Park Avenue Tower the tallest if not the fairest of them all". The New York Times. October 14, 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
  30. ↑ Brown, Joshua. "Meet the house that inequality built: 432 Park Avenue". Fortune: Real Estate. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  31. ↑ Robinson, Kara Mayer (March 20, 2015). "Sunday Routine". New York Times. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
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