2018 FIFA World Cup qualification

2018 FIFA World Cup qualification
Tournament details
Dates 12 March 2015 – 15 November 2017
Teams 210 (from 6 confederations)
Tournament statistics
Matches played 872
Goals scored 2,454 (2.81 per match)
Attendance 18,720,691 (21,469 per match)
Top scorer(s) Poland Robert Lewandowski
Saudi Arabia Mohammad Al-Sahlawi
United Arab Emirates Ahmed Khalil
(16 goals each)

The 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification process was a series of tournaments organised by the six FIFA confederations to decide 31 of the 32 teams which would play in the 2018 FIFA World Cup, with Russia qualifying automatically as hosts. All 210 remaining FIFA member associations were eligible to enter the qualifying process, and for the first time in World Cup history, all eligible national teams registered for the preliminary competition,[1] but Zimbabwe and Indonesia were disqualified before playing their first matches.[2][3] Bhutan, South Sudan, Gibraltar and Kosovo made their FIFA World Cup qualification debuts.[4][5][6][7][8] Myanmar, having successfully appealed against a ban from the competition for crowd trouble during a 2014 World Cup qualifying tie against Oman, were obliged to play all their home matches outside the country.[9]

While the main qualifying draw took place at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg, on 25 July 2015,[10][11] qualification matches were played before that.[12] The first, between Timor-Leste and Mongolia, began in Dili on 12 March 2015 as part of the AFC's qualification,[13] with East Timorese player Chiquito do Carmo scoring the first goal in qualification. Matches were also played in CONCACAF prior to the main draw.

Qualified teams

  Teams qualified for World Cup
  Teams failed to qualify for World Cup
  Teams expelled from the tournament by FIFA prior to playing a match
  Countries were not FIFA members
Team Method of
qualification		 Date of
qualification		 Finals
appearance		 Last
appearance		 Consecutive
finals
appearances		 Previous best
performance
 RussiaHosts2 December 201011th120142Fourth place (1966)2
 BrazilCONMEBOL Round Robin winners28 March 201721st201421Winners (1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, 2002)
 IranAFC Third Round Group A winners12 June 20175th20142Group stage (1978, 1998, 2006, 2014)
 JapanAFC Third Round Group B winners31 August 20176th20146Round of 16 (2002, 2010)
 MexicoCONCACAF Fifth Round winners1 September 201716th20147Quarter-finals (1970, 1986)
 BelgiumUEFA Group H winners3 September 201713th20142Fourth place (1986)
 South KoreaAFC Third Round Group A runners-up5 September 201710th20149Fourth place (2002)
 Saudi ArabiaAFC Third Round Group B runners-up5 September 20175th20061Round of 16 (1994)
 GermanyUEFA Group C winners5 October 201719th3201417Winners (1954, 1974, 1990, 2014)
 EnglandUEFA Group F winners5 October 201715th20146Winners (1966)
 SpainUEFA Group G winners6 October 201715th201411Winners (2010)
 NigeriaCAF Third Round Group B winners7 October 20176th20143Round of 16 (1994, 1998, 2014)
 Costa RicaCONCACAF Fifth Round runners-up7 October 20175th20142Quarter-finals (2014)
 PolandUEFA Group E winners8 October 20178th20061Third place (1974, 1982)
 EgyptCAF Third Round Group E winners8 October 20173rd19901First round (1934), Group stage (1990)
 IcelandUEFA Group I winners9 October 20171st–1–
 SerbiaUEFA Group D winners9 October 201712th420101Fourth place (1930, 1962)5
 PortugalUEFA Group B winners10 October 20177th20145Third place (1966)
 FranceUEFA Group A winners10 October 201715th20146Winners (1998)
 UruguayCONMEBOL Round Robin runners-up10 October 201713th20143Winners (1930, 1950)
 ArgentinaCONMEBOL Round Robin third place10 October 201717th201412Winners (1978, 1986)
 ColombiaCONMEBOL Round Robin fourth place10 October 20176th20142Quarter-finals (2014)
 PanamaCONCACAF Fifth Round third place10 October 20171st–1–
 SenegalCAF Third Round Group D winners10 November 20172nd20021Quarter-finals (2002)
 MoroccoCAF Third Round Group C winners11 November 20175th19981Round of 16 (1986)
 TunisiaCAF Third Round Group A winners11 November 20175th20061Group stage (1978, 1998, 2002, 2006)
  SwitzerlandUEFA Second Round winners12 November 201711th20144Quarter-finals (1934, 1938, 1954)
 CroatiaUEFA Second Round winners12 November 20175th20142Third place (1998)
 SwedenUEFA Second Round winners13 November 201712th20061Runners-up (1958)
 DenmarkUEFA Second Round winners14 November 20175th20101Quarter-finals (1998)
 AustraliaCONCACAF v AFC play-off winners15 November 20175th20144Round of 16 (2006)
 PeruOFC v CONMEBOL play-off winners15 November 20175th19821Quarter-finals (1970), Second round (1978)6
Notes
  • 1: This is the 4th appearance of Russia at the FIFA World Cup; however, FIFA considers Russia as the successor team of the Soviet Union who themselves qualified on 7 occasions.
  • 2: Russia's best result is group stage in 1994, 2002 and 2014; however, FIFA considers Russia as the successor team of the Soviet Union who achieved this result.
  • 3: Germany between 1951 and 1990 is often referred to as "West Germany", as a separate East German state and team existed then.
  • 4: This is the 2nd appearance of Serbia at the FIFA World Cup. However, FIFA considers Serbia as the successor team of the Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro national teams, who between them qualified on 10 occasions.
  • 5: No official third place match took place in 1930 and no official third place was awarded at the time; both United States and Yugoslavia lost in the semi-finals. However, FIFA lists the teams as third and fourth respectively using the overall records of the teams in the tournament.
  • 6: In 1978, the second round was another group stage which involved 8 teams qualified from the first round.

Qualification process

The number of teams participating in the final tournament was 32. Even though the qualification process began in March 2015, the allocation of slots for each confederation was discussed by the FIFA Executive Committee on 30 May 2015 in Zürich after the FIFA Congress.[14] It was decided that the same allocation as 2014 would be kept for the 2018 and 2022 tournaments.[15]

Proposal for expansion

In October 2013, UEFA President Michel Platini proposed that the World Cup finals should be expanded from 32 to 40 teams starting from 2018. The format would have been the same, but in groups of five instead of four.[16] This was in response to FIFA President Sepp Blatter's comments that Africa and Asia deserved more spots in the World Cup finals at the expense of European and South American teams.[17] However, FIFA general secretary Jérôme Valcke said that expansion in 2018 would be "unlikely", while Russian sports minister Vitaly Mutko said that the country was "preparing on the basis that 32 teams will be taking part."[18][19] Expansion was ultimately delayed until 10 January 2017, when the FIFA Council voted unanimously to expand to 48 teams starting in the 2026 FIFA World Cup.[20]

Summary of qualification

While all FIFA members entered the tournament, not all competed. Zimbabwe were expelled from the competition on 12 March 2015 for their failure to pay former coach José Claudinei a severance fee and Indonesia were excluded from the qualifying competition following the suspension of their football association by FIFA on 30 May 2015.[3] Kuwait had a number of their qualifiers cancelled for a similar suspension that began while their campaign was underway,[21] which eventually resulted in their elimination. Brazil were the first team to achieve qualification for the tournament following their 3–0 victory over Paraguay and Uruguay's loss to Peru on 28 March 2017.[22] Peru became the 32nd and final team to qualify when, 233 days after Brazil secured their place, they beat New Zealand 2–0 on aggregate in the OFC-CONMEBOL play-off.[23]

Confederation Available slots in finals Teams started Teams eliminated Teams qualified Qualifying start date Qualifying end date
AFC4.54641512 March 201515 November 2017
CAF5544957 October 201514 November 2017
CONCACAF3.53532322 March 201515 November 2017
CONMEBOL4.510558 October 201515 November 2017
OFC0.51111031 August 201515 November 2017
UEFA13+154+14113+14 September 201614 November 2017
Total31+1210+117931+112 March 201515 November 2017

Note: One team each from AFC, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, and OFC played in the inter-confederation play-offs, between 10–15 November 2017 (CONCACAF v AFC and OFC v CONMEBOL).

Note: UEFA total includes +1 for Russia as hosts.

Format

The formats of the qualifying competitions depended on each confederation (see below). Each round might be played in either of the following formats:[24]

  • League format, where more than two teams formed groups to play home-and-away round-robin matches, or in exceptions permitted by the FIFA Organizing Committee, single round-robin matches hosted by one of the participating teams or on neutral territory.
  • Knockout format, where two teams played home-and-away two-legged matches.

Tiebreakers

In league format, the ranking of teams in each group is based on the following criteria (regulations Articles 20.6 and 20.7):[24]

  1. Points (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss)
  2. Overall goal difference
  3. Overall goals scored
  4. Points in matches between tied teams
  5. Goal difference in matches between tied teams
  6. Goals scored in matches between tied teams
  7. Away goals scored in matches between tied teams (if the tie is only between two teams in home-and-away league format)
  8. Fair play points
    • first yellow card: minus 1 point
    • indirect red card (second yellow card): minus 3 points
    • direct red card: minus 4 points
    • yellow card and direct red card: minus 5 points
  9. Drawing of lots by the FIFA Organising Committee

In cases where teams finishing in the same position across different groups are compared for determining which teams advance to the next stage, the criteria is decided by the confederation and require the approval of FIFA (regulations Article 20.8).[24]

In knockout format, the team that has the higher aggregate score over the two legs progresses to the next round. In the event that aggregate scores finish level, the away goals rule is applied, i.e. the team that scored more goals away from home over the two legs progresses. If away goals are also equal, then thirty minutes of extra time are played, divided into two fifteen-minutes halves. The away goals rule is again applied after extra time, i.e. if there are goals scored during extra time and the aggregate score is still level, the visiting team qualifies by virtue of more away goals scored. If no goals are scored during extra time, the tie is decided by penalty shoot-out (regulations Article 20.9).[24]

Confederation qualification

AFC

The AFC Executive Committee meeting on 16 April 2014 approved the proposal to merge the preliminary qualification rounds of the FIFA World Cup and the AFC Asian Cup, which will be expanded to 24 teams starting in 2019:[25]

  • First round: 12 teams (ranked 35–46) played home-and-away over two legs. The six winners advanced to the second round.
  • Second round: 40 teams (teams ranked 1–34 and six first round winners) were divided into eight groups of five teams to play home-and-away round-robin matches. The eight group winners and the four best group runners-up advanced to the third round of FIFA World Cup qualification as well as qualified for the 2019 AFC Asian Cup finals.
  • Third round: The 12 teams (an increase from 10 for 2014) which advanced from the second round were divided into two groups of six teams to play home-and-away round-robin matches. The top two teams of each group qualified for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, and the two third-placed teams advanced to the fourth round.
  • Fourth round: The two third-placed teams of each group from the third round played home-and-away over two legs. The winners advanced to the inter-confederation play-offs, playing the fourth-placed CONCACAF team.

Final positions (third round)

The draw for the third round was held on 12 April 2016 at the Mandarin Oriental Hotel in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.[26]

Play-off for 5th place (fourth round)

The third-placed teams from each group in the third round played against each other home-and-away over two legs to determine which team advanced to the inter-confederation play-offs.

Team 1 Agg. Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
Syria  2–3  Australia 1–1 1–2 (a.e.t.)

CAF

The CAF Executive Committee approved the format for the qualifiers of the 2018 FIFA World Cup on 14 January 2015.[27] However, on 9 July 2015 FIFA officially announced that only three rounds would be played instead of four.[28]

  • First round: 26 teams (ranked 28–53) played home-and-away over two legs. The 13 winners advanced to the second round.
  • Second round: 40 teams (teams ranked 1–27 and 13 first round winners) played home-and-away over two legs. The 20 winners advanced to the third round.
  • Third round: The 20 teams which had advanced from the second round were divided into five groups of four teams to play home-and-away round-robin matches. The winners of each group qualified for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

Zimbabwe, even though they entered the competition, were expelled on 12 March 2015 for their failure to pay former coach José Claudinei a severance fee.[2] Therefore, only 53 African teams were involved in the draw.

Final positions (third round)

The draw for the third round was held on 24 June 2016 at the CAF headquarters in Cairo, Egypt.[29]

CONCACAF

An amendment to the qualification process for this tournament had been suggested,[30] which would see the first three rounds played as knockout rounds, with both the fourth round and the final round (referred to as 'The Hex') played as group stages. The first round would be played during the FIFA international dates of 23–31 March 2015.[31] CONCACAF announced the full details on 12 January 2015:[32][33]

  • First round: 14 teams (teams ranked 22–35) played home-and-away over two legs. The seven winners advanced to the second round.
  • Second round: 20 teams (teams ranked 9–21 and seven first round winners) played home-and-away over two legs. The ten winners advanced to the third round.
  • Third round: 12 teams (teams ranked 7–8 and ten second round winners) played home-and-away over two legs. The six winners advanced to the fourth round.
  • Fourth round: 12 teams (teams ranked 1–6 and six third round winners) were divided into three groups of four teams to play home-and-away round-robin matches. The top two teams of each group advanced to the fifth round.
  • Fifth round: The six teams which advanced from the fourth round played home-and-away round-robin matches in one single group. The top three teams qualified for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, and the fourth-placed team advanced to the inter-confederation play-offs, playing the winners of the Asian Football Confederation play-off.

Final positions (fifth round)

The draw for the fifth round (to decide the fixtures) was held on 8 July 2016 at the CONCACAF headquarters in Miami Beach, United States.[34]

Pos Team Pld Pts
1  Mexico 10 21
2  Costa Rica 10 16
3  Panama 10 13
4  Honduras 10 13
5  United States 10 12
6  Trinidad and Tobago 10 6
Source: FIFA

CONMEBOL

The qualification structure was the same as the previous five editions. The ten teams played in a league of home-and-away round-robin matches. The top four teams qualified for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, and the fifth-placed team advanced to the inter-confederation play-offs, playing the winners of the Oceania Football Confederation qualifying competition.

Unlike previous qualifying tournaments where the fixtures were pre-determined, the fixtures were decided by a draw held on 25 July 2015, at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg, Russia.[35]

Final positions

Pos Team Pld Pts
1  Brazil 18 41
2  Uruguay 18 31
3  Argentina 18 28
4  Colombia 18 27
5  Peru 18 26
6  Chile 18 26
7  Paraguay 18 24
8  Ecuador 18 20
9  Bolivia 18 14
10  Venezuela 18 12
Source: FIFA

OFC

The qualification structure was as follows:[36][28]

The OFC had considered different proposals of the qualifying tournament.[37] A previous proposal adopted by the OFC in October 2014 would have the eight teams divided into two groups of four teams to play home-and-away round-robin matches in the second round, followed by the top two teams of each group advancing to the third round to play in a single group of home-and-away round-robin matches to decide the winners of the 2016 OFC Nations Cup which would qualify to the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup and advance to the inter-confederation play-offs.[38] However, it was later reported in April 2015 that the OFC had reversed its decision, and the 2016 OFC Nations Cup was played as a one-off tournament similar to the 2012 OFC Nations Cup.[39]

Final positions (third round)

The draw for the third round was held on 8 July 2016 at the OFC headquarters in Auckland, New Zealand.[40]

Final
The draw for the final (which decided the order of legs) was held on 15 June 2017 at the OFC headquarters in Auckland, New Zealand.[41] The winners of the final advanced to inter-confederation play-offs.

Team 1 Agg. Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
New Zealand  8–3  Solomon Islands 6–1 2–2

UEFA

Russia qualified automatically as hosts. The qualifying format for the remaining FIFA-affiliated UEFA teams was confirmed by the UEFA Executive Committee meeting on 22–23 March 2015 in Vienna.[42][43]

  • First round (group stage): The 52 UEFA teams affiliated with FIFA at the time of the draw were divided into nine groups (seven groups of six teams and two groups of five teams) to play home-and-away round-robin matches. The winners of each group qualified for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, and the eight best runners-up advanced to the second round (play-offs). With the admission of Gibraltar and Kosovo as FIFA members in May 2016, both national teams were eligible to make their debuts in World Cup qualifying.[6] With initially two groups in the first round having only five teams, Kosovo was assigned to Group I as it was decided that Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia should not play against Kosovo for security reasons, and Gibraltar was then added to Group H,[7][8] so that each of the nine groups then had six teams.
  • Second round (play-offs): The eight best runners-up from the first round played one other team over two legs, home and away. The four winners qualified for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

Final positions (first round)

The draw for the first round was held on 25 July 2015, at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg, Russia.[28]

 Qualification to 2018 FIFA World Cup
 Advance to Second round (play-offs)
Group A Group B Group C
Pos Team Pld Pts
1  France 10 23
2  Sweden 10 19
3  Netherlands 10 19
4  Bulgaria 10 13
5  Luxembourg 10 6
6  Belarus 10 5
Source: FIFA
Pos Team Pld Pts
1  Portugal 10 27
2   Switzerland 10 27
3  Hungary 10 13
4  Faroe Islands 10 9
5  Latvia 10 7
6  Andorra 10 4
Source: FIFA
Pos Team Pld Pts
1  Germany 10 30
2  Northern Ireland 10 19
3  Czech Republic 10 15
4  Norway 10 13
5  Azerbaijan 10 10
6  San Marino 10 0
Source: FIFA
Group D Group E Group F
Pos Team Pld Pts
1  Serbia 10 21
2  Republic of Ireland 10 19
3  Wales 10 17
4  Austria 10 15
5  Georgia 10 5
6  Moldova 10 2
Source: FIFA
Pos Team Pld Pts
1  Poland 10 25
2  Denmark 10 20
3  Montenegro 10 16
4  Romania 10 13
5  Armenia 10 7
6  Kazakhstan 10 3
Source: FIFA
Pos Team Pld Pts
1  England 10 26
2  Slovakia 10 18
3  Scotland 10 18
4  Slovenia 10 15
5  Lithuania 10 6
6  Malta 10 1
Source: FIFA
Group G Group H Group I
Pos Team Pld Pts
1  Spain 10 28
2  Italy 10 23
3  Albania 10 13
4  Israel 10 12
5  Macedonia 10 11
6  Liechtenstein 10 0
Source: FIFA
Pos Team Pld Pts
1  Belgium 10 28
2  Greece 10 19
3  Bosnia and Herzegovina 10 17
4  Estonia 10 11
5  Cyprus 10 10
6  Gibraltar 10 0
Source: FIFA
Pos Team Pld Pts
1  Iceland 10 22
2  Croatia 10 20
3  Ukraine 10 17
4  Turkey 10 15
5  Finland 10 9
6  Kosovo 10 1
Source: FIFA
Ranking of runners-up

In deciding the eight best runners-up, the matches against the sixth-placed team in each group were discarded.[44]

Pos Grp Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1 B   Switzerland 8 7 0 1 18 6 +12 21 Advance to second round (play-offs)
2 G  Italy 8 5 2 1 12 8 +4 17
3 E  Denmark 8 4 2 2 13 6 +7 14
4 I  Croatia 8 4 2 2 8 4 +4 14
5 A  Sweden 8 4 1 3 18 9 +9 13
6 C  Northern Ireland 8 4 1 3 10 6 +4 13
7 H  Greece 8 3 4 1 9 5 +4 13
8 D  Republic of Ireland 8 3 4 1 7 5 +2 13
9 F  Slovakia 8 4 0 4 11 6 +5 12
Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Counting only matches against teams ranked first to fifth in the group, 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Goals scored; 4) Fair play points; 5) Drawing of lots.[45][46]

Play-offs (second round)

The draw for the second round (play-offs) was held on 17 October 2017 at the FIFA headquarters in Zürich, Switzerland.[47] The winners of each tie qualified for the World Cup.

Team 1 Agg. Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
Northern Ireland  0–1   Switzerland 0–1 0–0
Croatia  4–1  Greece 4–1 0–0
Denmark  5–1  Republic of Ireland 0–0 5–1
Sweden  1–0  Italy 1–0 0–0

Inter-confederation play-offs

There were two inter-confederation playoffs to determine the final two qualification spots for the finals. The first legs were played on 10 and 11 November 2017, and the second legs were played on 15 November 2017.[48][49]

The matchups were decided at the preliminary draw which was held on 25 July 2015, at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg, Russia.[28]

CONCACAF v AFC

Team 1 Agg. Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
Honduras  1–3  Australia 0–0 1–3

OFC v CONMEBOL

Team 1 Agg. Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
New Zealand  0–2  Peru 0–0 0–2

Top goalscorers

16 goals
15 goals
11 goals
10 goals
9 goals
8 goals

For each confederation and inter-confederation play-offs, see sections in each article:

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 This player's goal tally includes one or more goals which the player scored in matches that were subsequently forfeited, but which FIFA continues to count in its statistics.

References

  1. ↑ "Road to Russia with new milestone". FIFA.com. 15 January 2015.
  2. 1 2 "Zimbabwe expelled from the preliminary competition of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia". FIFA.com. 12 March 2015.
  3. 1 2 "Indonesia disqualified from 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia and AFC Asian Cup 2019 qualifiers". FIFA.com. 3 June 2015.
  4. ↑ "Modest Bhutan begin World Cup adventure". FIFA.com. 11 March 2015. Archived from the original on 13 March 2015.
  5. ↑ "South Sudan's World Cup debut ended early by rain". bbc.co.uk. 7 October 2015.
  6. 1 2 "FIFA Congress drives football forward, first female secretary general appointed". FIFA.com. 13 May 2016.
  7. 1 2 "Kosovo to play in Group I in European Qualifiers". uefa.org. Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). 9 June 2016.
  8. 1 2 "Kosovo and Gibraltar assigned to 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifying groups". FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). 9 June 2016.
  9. ↑ "Myanmar appeal partially upheld". FIFA. 7 November 2011. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
  10. ↑ "Organising Committee for the FIFA World Cup extends its responsibilities to cover 2018 and 2022". FIFA.com. 19 March 2013.
  11. ↑ "Konstantinovsky Palace to stage Preliminary Draw of the 2018 FIFA World Cup". FIFA.com. 10 October 2014.
  12. ↑ "Ethics: Executive Committee unanimously supports recommendation to publish report on 2018/2022 FIFA World Cup bidding process". FIFA.com. 19 December 2014.
  13. ↑ "Long road to Russia begins in Dili". FIFA.com. 11 March 2015.
  14. ↑ "2022 FIFA World Cup to be played in November/December". FIFA.com. 20 March 2015.
  15. ↑ "Current allocation of FIFA World Cup confederation slots maintained". FIFA.com. 30 May 2015.
  16. ↑ "UEFA chief Platini calls for 40 team World Cup". Reuters. 28 October 2013.
  17. ↑ "Blatter wants more Africa slots for World Cup". Confederation of African Football. 26 October 2013.
  18. ↑ "Michel Platini's World Cup expansion plan unlikely – Fifa". BBC Sport. 29 October 2013.
  19. ↑ "2018 World Cup expansion 'unlikely', says Valcke". Soccerway. 29 October 2013.
  20. ↑ "Unanimous decision expands FIFA World Cup to 48 teams from 2026". FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 10 January 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  21. ↑ "Suspension of the Kuwait Football Association". FIFA.com. 16 October 2015.
  22. ↑ "Brazil qualify for 2018 World Cup after Coutinho and Neymar down Paraguay". The Guardian. 29 March 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
  23. ↑ "Peru beat New Zealand 2-0 to secure final place". BBC Sport. 16 November 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
  24. 1 2 3 4 "Regulations – 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia" (PDF). FIFA.com.
  25. ↑ "ExCo approves expanded AFC Asian Cup finals". AFC. 16 April 2014.
  26. ↑ "2018 FIFA World Cup: Asian Qualifying Round 3 line up complete". Asian Football Confederation. 30 March 2016.
  27. ↑ "FORMAT OF 2017 AFCON QUALIFIERS AND 2018 WORLD CUP". CAFonline.com. 22 January 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
  28. 1 2 3 4 "Preliminary Draw procedures outlined". fifa.com. 9 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
  29. ↑ "June draw for third round of African Zone qualifiers". FIFA.com. 20 November 2015.
  30. ↑ "Concacaf estrenará formato de eliminatoria; sigue el Hexagonal" [New format for Concacaf qualification - Hexagonal retained] (in Spanish). ESPN Mexico. 23 September 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
  31. ↑ "Canada begins 2018 World Cup qualification in June". Sportsnet. 19 November 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
  32. ↑ "CONCACAF to Hold Preliminary FIFA World Cup Qualifying Draw in Miami on January 15". CONCACAF. 12 January 2015. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  33. ↑ "USMNT to start 2018 World Cup qualifying in November of 2015". Sports Illustrated. 12 January 2015.
  34. ↑ "Official Draw Scheduled for the Final Round of CONCACAF Qualifying for FIFA World Cup Russia 2018". CONCACAF.com. 1 July 2016.
  35. ↑ "A unanimous decision: A draw will determine the classifications for the World Cup and CONMEBOL Tournaments". CONMEBOL.com. 23 January 2015.
  36. ↑ "Preliminary competition format outlined". Oceania Football Confederation. 10 July 2015.
  37. ↑ "OFC Executive Committee decisions". OFC. Archived from the original on 13 September 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  38. ↑ "OFC Executive Committee outcomes". Oceania Football Confederation. 20 October 2014. Archived from the original on 5 July 2015.
  39. ↑ "Football: Heat goes on NZ after switch". New Zealand Herald. 12 April 2015.
  40. ↑ "Stage 3 draw complete". Oceania Football Confederation. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016.
  41. ↑ "New Zealand at home first in OFC play-off". FIFA. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  42. ↑ "Executive Committee date in Vienna". UEFA.org. 21 March 2015.
  43. ↑ "New distribution concept for club competitions approved". UEFA.org. 23 March 2015.
  44. ↑ "Focus switches to World Cup qualifying". UEFA.com. 22 August 2016.
  45. ↑ "Competition format - FIFA World Cup - News - UEFA.com". uefa.com. UEFA. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  46. ↑ "As it stands: ranking of second-placed teams". UEFA.com. 3 October 2017.
  47. ↑ "FIFA World Cup European play-off draw to take place on 17 October". FIFA.com. 6 September 2017.
  48. ↑ "Dates set for Socceroos-Honduras World Cup qualifier". SBS the World Game. 15 October 2017.
  49. ↑ "All Whites to play first leg against Peru on Saturday afternoon". nzherald.co.nz. The New Zealand Herald. 15 October 2017. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
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