2014 JO25

2014 JO25
Radar image of 2014 JO25 taken at Goldstone on 19 Apr 2017
Discovery [1]
Discovered by Mount Lemmon Srvy.
Discovery site Mount Lemmon Obs.
(first observation only)
Discovery date 5 May 2014
Designations
MPC designation 2014 JO25
NEO · Apollo · PHA [1][2]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 6.02 yr (2,200 days)
Aphelion 3.8996 AU
Perihelion 0.2364 AU
2.0680 AU
Eccentricity 0.8857
2.97 yr (1,086 days)
125.06°
0° 19m 53.04s / day
Inclination 25.261°
30.637°
49.571°
Earth MOID 0.0110 AU (4.3 LD)
Mercury MOID 0.0210 AU[2]
Venus MOID 0.0412 AU[2]
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
 0.72 km (est. at 0.20)[3]
0.818 km (calculated)[4]
4.531 h[4]
0.20 (assumed)[4]
S (assumed)[4]
17.8[4] · 18.1[1]

    2014 JO25 is asteroid. It was discovered in May 2014 by astronomers at the Catalina Sky Srvey near Tucson,Arizona-a project of NASA's NEO Observations Program in collaboration with the University of Arizona.(An NEO is a near-Earth object).

    Orbit and classification

    2014 JO25 belongs to the Apollo asteroids, which cross the orbit of Earth. Apollos are the largest group of near-Earth objects with nearly 10 thousand known members. It is also a potentially hazardous asteroid due to its sufficiently large size (an absolute magnitude brighter than 22), and its Earth-MOID (see below) of less than 0.05 AU.

    It orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.25–3.90 AU once every 3 years (1,086 days; semi-major axis of 2.07 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.89 and an inclination of 25° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] This makes it also an Venus- and Mercury-crossing asteroid.

    The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken by Pan-STARRS in May 2011, or 3 years prior to its official first observation at Mount Lemmon.[2]

    Close approaches

    This asteroid has an minimum orbital intersection distance (MOID) with Earth of 1,650,000 km; 1,020,000 mi (0.0110 AU), which translates into 4.3 lunar distances.[1]

    2017 Earth flyby

    2014 JO25 made a close flyby of Earth on 19 April 2017, and at its closest approach on that date came within 1.8 million kilometers (1.1 million miles) of the planet. It reached an apparent magnitude of 10.76.

    The 2017-flyby within a distance of 1.8 million kilometers was the closest approach to Earth by 2014 JO25 for at least the next 400 years.[5]

    Physical characteristics

    2014 JO25 is a peanut-shaped contact binary. It is an assumed stony S-type asteroid.[4]

    Diameter and albedo

    Early estimation based on observed absolute magnitude and estimated albedo indicates object 600–1400 meters (m) in diameter. In 2014, further research based on NEOWISE data indicated an object of 650 m in diameter and albedo 0.25.[6]

    Based on a generic magnitude-to-mean-diameter conversion, 2014 JO25 measures approximately 720 m in diameter, using an absolute magnitude of 18.1 and assuming an albedo of 0.20, which is typical for stony asteroids.[3] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 818 meters based on an absolute magnitude of 17.8.[4]

    Observation of the asteroid with the Goldstone Solar System Radar were performed between April 15 and 21, 2017 by Arecibo Observatory and Goldstone Solar System Radar. Results show that the largest dimension of this contact binary is at least 870 meters.[4][7]

    Rotation period

    The 2017 radiometric observations at Arecibo and Goldstone also gave a rotation period of approximately 4.5 hours.[7] Also in April 2017, a rotational lightcurve of this asteroid was obtained from photometric observations by Brian Warner at the Palmer Divide Station (U82) in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a refined period of 4.531 hours with a brightness amplitude between 0.14 and 0.64 magnitude (U=n.a.).[8]

    Numbering and naming

    As of 2018, this minor planet has not been numbered or named.[2]

    Radar images of the asteroid were taken on 18 April 2017 by the Goldstone Solar System Radar:

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2014 JO25)" (2017-05-24 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
    2. 1 2 3 4 5 "2014 JO25". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
    3. 1 2 "Asteroid Size Estimator". CNEOS NASA/JPL. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
    4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "LCDB Data for 2014 JO25". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 21 February 2018.
    5. ↑ http://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/large-asteroid-2014-jo25-close-april-19-2017-how-to-see
    6. ↑ https://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/2014JO25/2014JO25_planning.html
    7. 1 2 "Planetary Radar Science Group". National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (NAIC). Retrieved 21 February 2018.
    8. ↑ Warner, Brian D. (October 2017). "Lightcurve Analysis of Two Near-Earth Asteroids: 2010 VB1 and 2014 JO25". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 44 (4): 327–330. Bibcode:2017MPBu...44..327W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
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