1956 Tour de France

1956 Tour de France
Route of the 1956 Tour de France
Followed counterclockwise, starting in Reims and finishing in Paris
Race details
Dates 5–28 July
Stages 22
Distance 4,498 km (2,795 mi)
Winning time 124h 01' 16"
Results
Jersey awarded to the overall winner Winner  Roger Walkowiak (FRA) (Northeast-Center France)
  Second  Gilbert Bauvin (FRA) (France)
  Third  Jan Adriaensens (BEL) (Belgium)
Points  Stan Ockers (BEL) (Belgium)
  Mountains  Charly Gaul (LUX) (Luxembourg/Mixed)
  Combativity  André Darrigade (FRA) (France)
  Team Belgium

The 1956 Tour de France was the 43rd edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 5 to 28 July. It consisted of 22 stages over 4,498 km (2,795 mi).

There was no previous Tour winner competing for the 1956 Tour, which had only previously happened in 1903 and 1927. An unknown rider from a regional team, Roger Walkowiak on the Northeast-Center French team, ended up winning the Tour. Many Tour fans dismissed the win as being lucky or unworthy at the time, which Walkowiak took hard; this made him not often speak of his win.

The Tour was ridden at the fastest average speed so far, over 36 km/h. Walkowiak became only the second rider, after Firmin Lambot in the 1922 Tour de France, to win without taking a single stage, and is the only Tour de France winner to date who never won a stage in any year.

Innovations

In the previous years, a flat tyre had to be repaired, but from 1956 on, it was allowed to change wheels.[1]

Teams

The team classification "Challenge Martini" trophy for 1956, won by the Belgium team

As was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1956 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. Seven national teams were sent, with 10 cyclists each from France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland and Luxembourg/Mixed (the latter a combined team of seven Luxembourgian cyclists added with one Portuguese, on British and one Italian cyclist). France additionally sent five regional teams from 10 cyclists each, divided into Center-North East France, South East France, West France, Ile de France and South West France.[2][3] In total, 120 cyclists started the race.[2]

The teams entering the race were:

  • France
  • Italy
  • Belgium
  • Netherlands
  • Spain
  • Switzerland
  • Luxembourg Mixed
  • France North-East/Centre
  • France South-East
  • France West
  • France Île-de-France
  • France South-West

Pre-race favourites

The winner of the three previous editions, Louison Bobet, was absent because he had surgery.[1] Because there were less climbs and no mountain top finishes, cycling experts expected this edition to be too easy.[4] No other former Tour de France winner started the race. This was the third time in history that the race started without former winners, after the initial 1903 Tour de France and the 1927 Tour de France.[1]

Because Bobet was not there, the race was open, and there were many riders thought able to win the Tour. The most favourite of these was probably Charly Gaul, who had won the 1956 Giro d'Italia, although he was in a weak team, and would also be aiming for the mountains classification.[1]

Route and stages

The 1956 Tour de France started on 5 July, and had two rest days, in Bordeaux and Aix-les-Provence.[5]

Stage characteristics and winners[2][5][6]
Stage Date Course Distance Type Winner
1 5 July Reims to Liège (Belgium)223 km (139 mi) Plain stage André Darrigade (FRA)
2 6 July Liège (Belgium) to Lille217 km (135 mi) Plain stage Fred De Bruyne (BEL)
3 7 July Lille to Rouen225 km (140 mi) Plain stage Arigo Padovan (ITA)
4a 8 July Circuit de Rouen-Les-Essarts15.1 km (9 mi) Individual time trial Charly Gaul (LUX)
4b Rouen to Caen125 km (78 mi) Plain stage Roger Hassenforder (FRA)
5 9 July Caen to Saint-Malo189 km (117 mi) Plain stage Joseph Morvan (FRA)
6 10 July Saint-Malo to Lorient192 km (119 mi) Plain stage Fred De Bruyne (BEL)
7 11 July Lorient to Angers244 km (152 mi) Plain stage Alessandro Fantini (ITA)
8 12 July Angers to La Rochelle180 km (112 mi) Plain stage Miguel Poblet (ESP)
9 13 July La Rochelle to Bordeaux219 km (136 mi) Plain stage Roger Hassenforder (FRA)
14 July Bordeaux Rest day
10 15 July Bordeaux to Bayonne201 km (125 mi) Plain stage Fred De Bruyne (BEL)
11 16 July Bayonne to Pau255 km (158 mi) Stage with mountain(s) Nino Defilippis (ITA)
12 17 July Pau to Luchon130 km (81 mi) Stage with mountain(s) Jean-Pierre Schmitz (LUX)
13 18 July Luchon to Toulouse176 km (109 mi) Stage with mountain(s) Nino Defilippis (ITA)
14 19 July Toulouse to Montpellier231 km (144 mi) Plain stage Roger Hassenforder (FRA)
15 20 July Montpellier to Aix-en-Provence204 km (127 mi) Plain stage Joseph Thomin (FRA)
21 July Aix-en-Provence Rest day
16 22 July Aix-en-Provence to Gap203 km (126 mi) Stage with mountain(s) Jean Forestier (FRA)
17 23 July Gap to Turin (Italy)234 km (145 mi) Stage with mountain(s) Nino Defilippis (ITA)
18 24 July Turin (Italy) to Grenoble250 km (155 mi) Stage with mountain(s) Charly Gaul (LUX)
19 25 July Grenoble to Saint-Étienne173 km (107 mi) Stage with mountain(s) Stan Ockers (BEL)
20 26 July Saint-Étienne to Lyon73 km (45 mi) Individual time trial Miguel Bover (ESP)
21 27 July Lyon to Montluçon237 km (147 mi) Stage with mountain(s) Roger Hassenforder (FRA)
22 28 July Montluçon to Paris331 km (206 mi) Plain stage Gastone Nencini (ITA)
Total 4,498 km (2,795 mi)[7]

Race overview

André Darrigade leading into the finish of stage one in Liège, Belgium, which he won

The first stage was won by André Darrigade, one of the best sprinters of that time.[1] In the third stage, a small group escaped and finished with a margin of fifteen minutes; Gilbert Desmet became the new leader.[1] The time trial of stage four was won by Gaul. In the second part of the fourth stage, Roger Hassenforder escaped, and a took a group with him, including Darrigade. Desmet was not in that group, and lost more than 15 minutes, which made Darrigade leader again.[1][8]

In the seventh stage, the peloton broke in two, and a large group of 31 cyclists finished more than 18 minutes ahead. This group included Roger Walkowiak, who had also been in the escaped group in the fourth stage, and became the new leader.[1] Walkowiak's team manager, Sauveur Ducazeaux, advised Walkowiak that it would be too tough to try to remain the leader for the rest of the race, and suggested that Walkowiak lose the first place, and aim to regain it later in the race.[9] In the tenth stage, Walkowiak lost time, and Gerrit Voorting who had also been part of the large breakaway group in stage seven, became the new leader.[4] Voorting lost the lead in the next stage to Darrigade, who himself lost the lead to Jan Adriaensens in the twelfth stage.

In the fifteenth stage, the entire Belgian team was weak. Most Tour followers thought it was due to a doping practice that went wrong, but officially it was attributed to food poisoning.[10] Adriaensens lost more than nine minutes, which made Wout Wagtmans the new leader.[1] During the seventeenth stage, there was yet another escape, which included leader Wagtmans and Walkowiak, in fifth position in the general classification. The riders in second, third and fourth place were not in the escape, so Walkowiak moved up to the second place, more than four minutes behind Wagtmans.[1] The eighteenth stage was the last chance for the climbing specialists to win back time, and so Gaul, Bahamontes and Ockers were aiming to win back time. Gaul escaped, and won the stage alone, with Ockers in second place. During the last climb, Bahamontes dismounted and threw his bike down the ravine, wanting to stop the race. The Spanish team was able to retrieve the bike, and convince Bahamontes to continue. Bahamontes finished the race in the group behind Ockers. The surprise of the day was that Walkowiak had been able to remain with Bahamontes, whereas Wagtmans (normally a decent climber) lost eight minutes more. Walkowiak took the first place in the general classification, with a margin of almost 4 minutes to Gilbert Bauvin.[1]

In the time trial of stage 20, Bauvin performed very well, finishing in fifth place. Walkowiak ended in 24th place, but this was enough to keep a 1'25" lead. In the 21st stage, Roger Hassenforder won his fourth stage of this Tour, after a solitary breakaway of 187 km.[2]

Classification leadership

The time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. Of the 120 cyclists that started the 1956 Tour de France, 88 finished the race.

The points classification in 1956 was calculated in the same way as since the introduction in 1953, following the calculation method from the Tours de France from 1905 to 1912. Points were given according to the ranking of the stage: the winner received one points, the next cyclist two points, and so on. These points were added, and the cyclist with the least points was the leader of the points classification. In 1956, this was won by Stan Ockers with 280 points.[2] Over 22 stages (including one split stage), this meant that his average stage finish was approximately place 13.

Points for the mountains classification were earned by reaching the mountain tops first. The system was almost the same as in 1955: there were three types of mountain tops: the hardest ones, in category 1, gave 10 points to the first cyclist, the easier ones, in category 2, gave 6 points to the first cyclist, and the easiest ones, in category 3, gave 3 points. Charly Gaul won this classification.[2]

The team classification was calculated as the sum of the daily team classifications, and the daily team classification was calculated by adding the times in the stage result of the best three cyclists per team. It was won by the Belgian team, with a large margin over the Italian team. Every team finished with at least three cyclists, so all teams were included in the team classification.

After each stage, a jury voted for the most combative cyclist of that stage. Those votes were added in the combativity classification. André Darrigade won this classification.[5] After every stage, the jury also gave a prize to the cyclist with the most bad luck. The award for most bad luck during the entire Tour de France went to Fernand Picot.[11]

Classification leadership by stage
Stage Winner General classification
 Points classification
 Mountains classification Team classification
1 André Darrigade André Darrigade André Darrigade no award Luxembourg/Mixed
2 Fred De Bruyne
3 Arigo Padovan Gilbert Desmet Antonin Rolland
4a Charly Gaul
4b Roger Hassenforder André Darrigade Roger Hassenforder France
5 Joseph Morvan
6 Fred De Bruyne Daan de Groot
7 Alessandro Fantini Roger Walkowiak Fernand Picot Belgium
8 Miguel Poblet Daan de Groot West France
9 Roger Hassenforder
10 Fred De Bruyne Gerrit Voorting Belgium
11 Nino Defilippis André Darrigade André Darrigade Vincent Huot
12 Jean-Pierre Schmitz Jan Adriaensens Fernand Picot
13 Nino Defilippis
14 Roger Hassenforder Netherlands
15 Joseph Thomin Wout Wagtmans Belgium
16 Jean Forestier
17 Nino Defilippis
18 Charly Gaul Roger Walkowiak Stan Ockers
19 Stan Ockers Charly Gaul
20 Miguel Bover
21 Roger Hassenforder
22 Gastone Nencini
Final Roger Walkowiak Stan Ockers Charly Gaul Belgium

Final standings

General classification

Final general classification (1–10)[2]
RankRiderTeamTime
1 Roger Walkowiak (FRA)North East-Center124h 01'16"
2 Gilbert Bauvin (FRA)France+ 1'25"
3 Jan Adriaensens (BEL)Belgium+ 3'44"
4 Federico Bahamontes (ESP)Spain+ 10'14"
5 Nino Defilippis (ITA)Italy+ 10'25"
6 Wout Wagtmans (NED)Netherlands+ 10'59"
7 Nello Lauredi (FRA)South East France+ 14'01"
8 Stan Ockers (BEL)Belgium+ 16'52"
9 René Privat (FRA)France+ 22'59"
10 Antonio Barbosa (POR)Luxembourg/Mixed+ 26'03"

Points classification

Final points classification (1–10)[12]
RankRiderTeamPoints
1 Stan Ockers (BEL)Belgium280
2 Fernand Picot (FRA)West France464
3 Gerrit Voorting (NED)Netherlands465
4 André Darrigade (FRA)France489
5 Gilbert Bauvin (FRA)France510
6 Daan de Groot (NED)Netherlands546
7 Gilbert Desmet (BEL)Belgium578
8 Nino Defilippis (ITA)Italy596
9 Nello Lauredi (FRA)South East France624
10 Antonio Barbosa (POR)Luxembourg/Mixed628

Mountains classification

Final mountains classification (1–9)[3][12]
RankRiderTeamPoints
1 Charly Gaul (LUX)Luxembourg/Mixed71
2 Federico Bahamontes (ESP)Spain67
3 Valentin Huot (FRA)South West Franc65
4 Stan Ockers (BEL)Belgium55
5 Richard van Genechten (BEL)Belgium30
6 Roger Walkowiak (FRA)Northeast-Center France22
7 Jean-Pierre Schmitz (LUX)Luxembourg/Mixed15
8 Raymond Meyzencq (FRA)South East France14
9 Jean Forestier (FRA)France13
= Jan Adriaensens (BEL)Belgium13
= Bernardo Ruiz (ESP)Spain13

Team classification

Final team classification[12]
RankTeamTime
1Belgium369h 47' 42"
2Italy+ 1h 01' 04"
3Netherlands+ 1h 13' 11"
4France+ 1h 24' 08"
5West France+ 1h 44' 12"
6South East France+ 1h 57' 39"
7Spain+ 3h 04' 35"
8Luxembourg/Mixed+ 3h 12' 59"
9Northeast-Center France+ 3h 55' 25"
10South East France+ 4h 43' 10"
11Ile de France+ 5h 33' 50"
12Switzerland+ 6h 41' 33"

Combativity classification

Final combativity classification (1–10)[13]
RankRiderTeamPoints
1 André Darrigade (FRA)France175
2 Roger Hassenforder (FRA)West France142
3 Charly Gaul (LUX)Luxembourg/Mixed119
4 Nino Defilippis (ITA)Italy118
5 Nicolas Barone (FRA)Ile de France106
6 Claude Le Ber (FRA)West France100
7 Roger Walkowiak (FRA)Northeast-Center France98
8 Raymond Elena (FRA)South East France92
9 Nello Lauredi (FRA)South East France83
10 Pierre Barbotin (FRA)France77

Aftermath

The cycling fans had not been happy to see unknown Walkowiak win the race, and he was not cheered for when the race finished in the Parc des Princes. Walkowiak was considered an unworthy winner, and never again was able to repeat such a win. His name entered the French language in the phrase "á la Walko", which means "won by an undeserving or unknown rider".[1] The press gave many reasons for Walkowiak's victory: the French national team had had internal problems, Gaul and Bahamontes had been occupied with the mountains classification and Ockers with the team classification.[9] Not all considered him onworthy; Five-time Tour winner Bernard Hinault praised his win saying: There are people who say that Walkowiak should not have won the Tour. They should have been on that Tour! He took the jersey, he lost it and he regained it. He was not a thief. The Tour is not a gift.[1]

Walkowiak was unhappy about how the people reacted to his Tour win, and for many years did not want to discuss it.[1]

The French team manager Marcel Bidot later criticized Darrigade for not helping Bauvin in the last stages; he thought that with the help of Darrigade, Bauvin might have been able to win back the 85 seconds on Walkowiak and win the race.[1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol (2006). The Story of the Tour De France. Dog ear publishing. pp. 213–220. ISBN 978-1-59858-180-5. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "43ème Tour de France 1956" (in French). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
  3. 1 2 "Tour-Giro-Vuelta". www.tour-giro-vuelta.net. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
  4. 1 2 Boyce, Barry (2004). "Little Known Frenchman Wins TdF!". Cyclingrevealed. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  5. 1 2 3 Augendre 2016, p. 47.
  6. ↑ Arian Zwegers. "Tour de France GC Top Ten". CVCC. Archived from the original on 10 June 2009. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
  7. ↑ Augendre 2016, p. 109.
  8. ↑ Desforges, Jacques (2006). Charly Gaul, grimpeur ailé (in French). Editions Publibook. p. 80. ISBN 2-7483-2537-0. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  9. 1 2 Didier, Jan (28 November 2002). "A Forgotten Hero: Roger Walkowiak". PezCycling News. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  10. ↑ Minovi, Ramin (2007). "Drugs and the Tour de France". Association of British Cycling Coaches. Archived from the original on 27 June 2007. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
  11. ↑ "Klassementen" (in Dutch). Leeuwarder Courant. 29 July 1953. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
  12. 1 2 3 "1956: 43e editie". Tourdefrance.nl. 30 December 2003. Archived from the original on 23 March 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
  13. ↑ "La Vuelta Ciclista a Francia" (in Spanish). El Mundo Deportivo. 29 July 1956. Retrieved 17 December 2009.

Sources

  • Augendre, Jacques (2016). Guide historique [Historical guide] (PDF). Tour de France (in French). Paris: Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.

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