1847 in the United Kingdom
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Events from the year 1847 in the United Kingdom.
Incumbents
- Monarch – Victoria
- Prime Minister – Lord John Russell (Whig)
- Parliament – 14th (until 23 July), 15th (starting 18 November)
Events
16 September: Shakespeare's birthplace is bought for preservation
- 1 January – Britain's first Medical Officer of Health is appointed, Dr. William Henry Duncan in Liverpool.[1]
- 14 January – all thirteen members of the Point of Ayr life-boat crew are drowned when it capsizes off Rhyl.
- 5 March – an explosion at The Oaks in the Barnsley seam in Yorkshire kills 73 men and boys.[2]
- 15 March – new system of county courts, with 60 judicial circuits and 491 courts, comes into operation in England and Wales under terms of the County Courts Act (28 August 1846).[3]
- 5 April – the world's first civic public park, Birkenhead Park in Birkenhead, Merseyside is opened.[4]
- 15 April – the House of Lords in the Palace of Westminster, designed by Charles Barry and Augustus Pugin, is opened.
- 25 April – the brig Exmouth carrying emigrants from Derry bound for Quebec is wrecked off Islay with only three survivors from more than 250 on board.[5][6]
- May – the Architectural Association School of Architecture is founded in London.
- 24 May – the Dee bridge disaster: a cast iron girder bridge across the river Dee at Chester, designed by Robert Stephenson for the Chester and Holyhead Railway, collapses under a Shrewsbury and Chester Railway train with five fatalities.[7]
- June – E.H. Booth & Co. Ltd, which becomes the Northern England supermarket chain Booths, is founded when 19-year-old tea dealer Edwin Henry Booth opens a shop called "The China House" in Blackpool.
- 8 June – Factory Act establishes a maximum 10-hour working day for women, and for boys aged 13–18.[8]
- 1 July – publication of Reports of the Commissioners of Enquiry into the state of Education in Wales containing opinions hostile to Welsh culture, hence known in Wales as the "Treachery of the Blue Books".
- 9 August – the Whig Party under Lord John Russell wins the general election.
- 13 August – John Russell Hind makes the first British discovery of an asteroid, from London, 7 Iris. On 18 October he discovers 8 Flora.
- 16 September
- William Shakespeare's birthplace in Stratford-upon-Avon (pictured) is bought by the United Shakespeare Company for preservation.[9]
- The Band of Hope is established to promote teetotalism among young people by Rev. Jabez Tunnicliff in Leeds.[10][11]
- 30 September – the Vegetarian Society is formed. It remains the oldest in the world.
- November – Henry Francis Lyte writes the hymn Abide with Me at Brixham.
- 4–8 November – James Young Simpson discovers the anaesthetic properties of chloroform and first uses it, successfully, on a patient, in an obstetric case in Edinburgh.[12][13]
- December – the Christmas cracker is marketed by Tom Smith of London.[14]
Undated
- Ongoing – Great Famine (Ireland): this summer's potato crop is free from blight, but inadequate due to the small area sown.[15] The British Relief Association is founded and raises money throughout England, the United States and Australia to relieve distress, with the help of the "Queen's Letters", two letters from Queen Victoria appealing for assistance.[16]
- Military General Service Medal and Naval General Service Medal, the first British campaign medals, are introduced.
- United Presbyterian Church of Scotland constituted.[17]
- Prince Albert is unsuccessfully challenged for the chancellorship of the University of Cambridge by The Earl of Powis. The winning margin is less than 120 votes.
- The public school Radley College is founded near Oxford.
- The public school Ratcliffe College is founded near Leicester.
Publications
- Anne Brontë's novel Agnes Grey under the pen name of Acton Bell.
- Emily Brontë's novel Wuthering Heights under the pen name of Ellis Bell.
- Charlotte Brontë's novel Jane Eyre under the pen name of Currer Bell.[18]
- Benjamin Disraeli's "Young England" novel Tancred.
- Frederick Marryat's children's historical novel The Children of the New Forest.
- Christina Rossetti's Verses by Christina G. Rossetti.
- Alfred Tennyson's poetry collection The Princess: a medley.
- William Makepeace Thackeray's novel Vanity Fair.[18]
Births
- 9 February – Hugh Price Hughes, theologian and social reformer (died 1902)
- 13 February – Robert McAlpine, builder (died 1930)
- 3 March – Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish-born inventor (died 1922)
- 7 May – Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1929)
- 11 June – Millicent Fawcett, suffragist and feminist (died 1929)
- 1 October – Annie Besant, née Wood, Theosophist, social and political campaigner and feminist (died 1933)
- 8 November – Bram Stoker, novelist (died 1912)
- 7 December – George Grossmith, actor and comic writer (died 1912)
Deaths
- 11 February – Macvey Napier, lawyer and encyclopaedia editor (born 1776)
- 13 February – Sharon Turner, historian (born 1768)
- 9 March – Mary Anning, palaeontologist (born 1799)
- 29 August – William Simson, painter (born 1800)
- 3 October – Charles Hatchett, chemist (born 1765)
- 20 November – Henry Francis Lyte, hymn-writer (born 1793)
- 29 December – William Crotch, composer (born 1775)
See also
References
- ↑ Halliday, S. (2003). "Duncan of Liverpool: Britain's first Medical Officer". Journal of Medical Biography. 11 (3): 142–149. doi:10.1177/096777200301100307. PMID 12870037.
- ↑ Duckham, Helen; Baron (1973). Great Pit Disasters: Great Britain 1700 to the present day. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-5717-4.
- ↑ Polden, Patrick (1999). A History of the County Court, 1846–1971. Cambridge University Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-521-62232-5.
- ↑ "The History of Birkenhead Park". Archived from the original on 26 June 2008. Retrieved 13 September 2007.
- ↑ "The Exmouth – a terrible tragedy on Islay". Isle of Islay. 2011.
- ↑ "The Exmouth shipwreck off the Antrim Coast, Northern Ireland". My Secret Northern Ireland.
- ↑ Lewis, Peter R. (2007). Disaster on the Dee: Robert Stephenson's Nemesis of 1847. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7524-4266-2.
- ↑ Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 269–270. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ↑ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ↑ Marles, H. (1865). The Life and Labours of the Rev. Jabez Tunnicliff, Minister of the Gospel at Call Lane Chapel, Leeds, and Founder of the Band of Hope in England, obtained from authentic documents, chiefly records made by himself. London: Tweedies. pp. 213–219. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
- ↑ Brownlee, Nick (2002). This is Alcohol. p. 99.
- ↑ First communicated to the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh, 10 November, and published in a pamphlet, Notice of a New Anæsthetic Agent, in Edinburgh, 12 November.
- ↑ Gordon, H. Laing (2002). Sir James Young Simpson and Chloroform (1811–1870). Minerva Group, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4102-0291-8. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
- ↑ "History of Tom Smith Crackers". Tom Smith Crackers. Retrieved 2016-12-24.
- ↑ Moody, T.W.; Martin, F.X., eds. (1967). The Course of Irish History. Cork: Mercier Press. p. 376.
- ↑ Kinealy, Christine (1994). This Great Calamity: The Irish Famine 1845–52. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. ISBN 0-7171-1832-0.
- ↑ Cates, William L. R. (1863). The Pocket Date Book. Chapman and Hall.
- 1 2 "Icons, a portrait of England 1840–1860". Archived from the original on 17 August 2007. Retrieved 13 September 2007.
See also
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