없다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Yongbi eocheonga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 없다 (Yale: eps.ta).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key)[ˈɘːp̚t͈a̠]
  • Phonetic Hangul[업:따]
Revised Romanization? eopda
Revised Romanization (translit.)? eobsda
McCune–Reischauer? ŏpta
Yale Romanization? ēpsqta
Audio
(file)

Adjective

없다 • (eopda) (infinitive 없어, sequential 없으니)

  1. there are none; (to be) lacking; (to be) nonexistent
    • 전 은행 계좌가 없어요.
      Jeon eunhaeng gyejwaga eopseoyo.
      I don't have a bank account.
    • 하나도 없다.
      Hanado eopda.
      Not a single one.
    • 없어 보인다.
      Eopseo boinda.
      Look poor, not stylish
    • 같이 어울릴만한 친구가 한명도 없다.
      Gachi eoullilmanhan chin-guga hanmyeongdo eopda.
      don't have a friend to hang out with.
    • 나랑 수준이 맞는 친구가 한명도 없다.
      Narang sujuni manneun chin-guga hanmyeongdo eopda.
      I don't have a friend who's up to my level.
  2. (North Korea) to die

Usage notes

Most grammars classify 없다 (eopda) as an adjective with certain verbal qualities.[1]

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the adjective 없다 (eopda)
Stems
Stem 1 없 (eop)
Stem 2 없어 (eopseo)
Stem 3 없으 (eopseu)
Conjugation type Consonant-stem, 있/없(it/eop)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 없다
eopda		 없어
eopseo		 없어요
eopseoyo		 없습니다
eopseumnida
Past 없었다
eopseotda		 없었어
eopseosseo		 없었어요
eopseosseoyo		 없었습니다
eopseotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 없느냐
eomneunya		 없어
eopseo		 없어요
eopseoyo		 없습니까
eopseumnikka
Past 없었느냐
eopseonneunya		 없었어
eopseosseo		 없었어요
eopseosseoyo		 없었습니까
eopseotseumnikka
Assertive 없겠다
eopgetda		없겠어
eopgesseo		없겠어요
eopgesseoyo		없겠습니다
eopgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 없어
eopseo		없어서
eopseoseo		없으니
eopseuni		없으니까
eopseunikka
Contrast 없지만
eopjiman		없는데
eomneunde		없더니
eopdeoni
Conjunction 없고
eopgo
Condition 없으면
eopseumyeon		없어야
eopseoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 없음
eopseum		없기
eopgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 없었음
eopseosseum		없었기
eopseotgi
Determiners Present 없는
eomneun
Future 없을
eopseul


Sentence-final forms with honorific
Alternative honorific: 안 계시다 (an gyesida)
Plain (해라체) Informal (해체) Polite (해요체) Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 없으시다
eopseusida		 없으셔
eopseusyeo		 없으세요, 없으셔요
eopseuseyo, eopseusyeoyo		 없으십니다
eopseusimnida
Past 없으셨다
eopseusyeotda		 없으셨어
eopseusyeosseo		 없으셨어요
eopseusyeosseoyo		 없으셨습니다
eopseusyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 없으시냐
eopseusinya		 없으셔
eopseusyeo		 없으세요, 없으셔요
eopseuseyo, eopseusyeoyo		 없으십니까
eopseusimnikka
Past 없으셨냐
eopseusyeonnya		 없으셨어
eopseusyeosseo		 없으셨어요
eopseusyeosseoyo		 없으셨습니까
eopseusyeotseumnikka
Assertive 없으시겠다
eopseusigetda		없으시겠어
eopseusigesseo		없으시겠어요
eopseusigesseoyo		없으시겠습니다
eopseusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 없으셔
eopseusyeo		없으셔서
eopseusyeoseo		없으시니
eopseusini		없으시니까
eopseusinikka
Contrast 없으시지만
eopseusijiman		없으신데
eopseusinde		없으시더니
eopseusideoni
Conjunction 없으시고
eopseusigo
Condition 없으시면
eopseusimyeon		없으셔야
eopseusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 없으심
eopseusim		없으시기
eopseusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 없으셨음
eopseusyeosseum		없으셨기
eopseusyeotgi
Determiners Present 없으신
eopseusin
Future 없으실
eopseusil

Antonyms

Derived terms

References
  1. Koh & Nam (표준 국어 문법, rev. ed. 2002): 있다/없다
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