있다

Korean

Etymology

Of native Korean origin.

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)
  • IPA(key)[it̚t͈a̠]
  • Phonetic Hangul[읻따]
Revised Romanization? itda
Revised Romanization (translit.)? issda
McCune–Reischauer? itta
Yale Romanization? issqta

Verb

있다 • (itda) (infinitive 있어, sequential 있으니)

  1. to be (in a place); to exist
    뉴욕은 미국에 있다.
    Nyuyogeun miguge itda.
    New York is in the United States.
    물속에 물고기가 있다.
    Mulsoge mulgogiga itda.
    There are fish in the water.
  2. to be (in a state)
    서 있다 ― seo itda ― to be standing
    울고 있다
    ulgo itda
    to be crying
    모여 있다
    moyeo itda
    to be gathered
  3. to have
    그녀는 남자 친구가 있다.
    Geunyeoneun namja chin-guga itda.
    She has a boyfriend.
    저는 집도 있고 차도 있어요.
    Jeoneun jipdo itgo chado isseoyo.
    I have a house and a car.

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the adjective 있다 (itda)
Stems
Stem 1 있 (it)
Stem 2 있어 (isseo)
Stem 3 있으 (isseu)
Conjugation type Consonant-stem, 있/없(it/eop)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 있다
itda		 있어
isseo		 있어요
isseoyo		 있습니다
itseumnida
Past 있었다
isseotda		 있었어
isseosseo		 있었어요
isseosseoyo		 있었습니다
isseotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 있느냐
inneunya		 있어
isseo		 있어요
isseoyo		 있습니까
itseumnikka
Past 있었느냐
isseonneunya		 있었어
isseosseo		 있었어요
isseosseoyo		 있었습니까
isseotseumnikka
Assertive 있겠다
itgetda		있겠어
itgesseo		있겠어요
itgesseoyo		있겠습니다
itgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 있어
isseo		있어서
isseoseo		있으니
isseuni		있으니까
isseunikka
Contrast 있지만
itjiman		있는데
inneunde		있더니
itdeoni
Conjunction 있고
itgo
Condition 있으면
isseumyeon		있어야
isseoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 있음
isseum		있기
itgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 있었음
isseosseum		있었기
isseotgi
Determiners Present 있는
inneun
Future 있을
isseul

(to be in a place, to exist): 계시다 (gyesida)
(to be in a state): 계시다 (gyesida)

(to have): 있으시다 (isseusida)

Usage notes
  • 있잖아 (itjana) (있지 + 않 + 아) is used as an interjection.
    있잖아, 피트. 내가 디씨에는 처음이잖아. 도시가 커. — 응 그렇지만 날마다 조금씩 더 배우고 있잖아.
    Itjana, piteu. Naega dissieneun cheo-eumijana. Dosiga keo. eung geureochiman nalmada jogeumssik deo bae-ugo itjana.
    You know, Pete, I am new to D.C. The city is big. — Yeah. But you learn a little more every day.
    Original English texts from 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

Antonyms
  • 없다 (eopda, “to lack, to be absent”)

See also
  • 이다 (ida, “to equal (copula)”)
  • 아니다 (anida, “not to equal (negative copula)”)
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