많다

Korean

Etymology

Related to (obsolete) 하다 (hada), meaning many. The Middle Korean ㅎ (h) is still preserved in the bottom position of 많다 (manta). First attested in the Yongbi eocheonga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 만ᄒᆞ다 (Yale: manhota). [1] First attested in the "Garae Eonhae" 가례언해 (garyeeonhae) 家禮諺解／家礼谚解, 1632, as 만흐다 (manheuda) Perhaps a combination word of 萬／万 (wàn) or 滿／满 (mǎn) + 하다 (hada).

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)
  • IPA(key)[ˈma̠ːntʰa̠]
  • Phonetic Hangul[만:타]
Revised Romanization? manta
Revised Romanization (translit.)? manhda
McCune–Reischauer? mant'a
Yale Romanization? mānhta

Adjective

많다 • (manta) (infinitive 많아, sequential 많으니)

  1. (to be) many, much, a lot, plentiful
    돈이 많은 사람
    doni maneun saram
    someone who has a lot of money; a rich person
    오늘 전시회 방문자가 많다.
    Oneul jeonsihoe bangmunjaga manta.
    Today there are many visitors at the exhibition.
    할 일이 너무 많다.
    Hal iri neomu manta.
    There is so much work to do.

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the adjective 많다 (manta)
Stems
Stem 1 많 (man)
Stem 2 많아 (mana)
Stem 3 많으 (maneu)
Conjugation type Consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 많다
manta		 많아
mana		 많아요
manayo		 많습니다
manseumnida
Past 많았다
manatda		 많았어
manasseo		 많았어요
manasseoyo		 많았습니다
manatseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 많으냐
maneunya		 많아
mana		 많아요
manayo		 많습니까
manseumnikka
Past 많았냐
manannya		 많았어
manasseo		 많았어요
manasseoyo		 많았습니까
manatseumnikka
Assertive 많겠다
manketda		많겠어
mankesseo		많겠어요
mankesseoyo		많겠습니다
manketseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 많아
mana		많아서
manaseo		많으니
maneuni		많으니까
maneunikka
Contrast 많지만
manchiman		많은데
maneunde		많더니
manteoni
Conjunction 많고
manko
Condition 많으면
maneumyeon		많아야
manaya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 많음
maneum		많기
manki
Past-tense verbal nouns 많았음
manasseum		많았기
manatgi
Determiners Present 많은
maneun
Future 많을
maneul


Sentence-final forms with honorific
Plain (해라체) Informal (해체) Polite (해요체) Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 많으시다
maneusida		 많으셔
maneusyeo		 많으세요, 많으셔요
maneuseyo, maneusyeoyo		 많으십니다
maneusimnida
Past 많으셨다
maneusyeotda		 많으셨어
maneusyeosseo		 많으셨어요
maneusyeosseoyo		 많으셨습니다
maneusyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 많으시냐
maneusinya		 많으셔
maneusyeo		 많으세요, 많으셔요
maneuseyo, maneusyeoyo		 많으십니까
maneusimnikka
Past 많으셨냐
maneusyeonnya		 많으셨어
maneusyeosseo		 많으셨어요
maneusyeosseoyo		 많으셨습니까
maneusyeotseumnikka
Assertive 많으시겠다
maneusigetda		많으시겠어
maneusigesseo		많으시겠어요
maneusigesseoyo		많으시겠습니다
maneusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 많으셔
maneusyeo		많으셔서
maneusyeoseo		많으시니
maneusini		많으시니까
maneusinikka
Contrast 많으시지만
maneusijiman		많으신데
maneusinde		많으시더니
maneusideoni
Conjunction 많으시고
maneusigo
Condition 많으시면
maneusimyeon		많으셔야
maneusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 많으심
maneusim		많으시기
maneusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 많으셨음
maneusyeosseum		많으셨기
maneusyeotgi
Determiners Present 많으신
maneusin
Future 많으실
maneusil

Synonyms

Antonyms
  • 적다 (jeokda, “(to be) few”)

Derived terms

See also

References
  1. 讖口ㅣ 만ᄒᆞ야 罪 ᄒᆞ마 일리러니 功臣ᄋᆞᆯ 살아 救ᄒᆞ시니 (), 1447 용비어천가 (yongbieocheon-ga) 123
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