馬鈴薯

See also: 马铃薯

Chinese

bell tied to a horse; sleigh bell; jingle bell potato; yam
trad. (馬鈴薯) 馬鈴
simp. (马铃薯) 马铃

Etymology

The earliest known attestation in Chinese is found in the Kangxi edition of the Gazetteer of Songxi County (《松溪縣志》), published in 1700, but based on its description, it is improbable that it referred to the potato but, instead, referred to the air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) (Xiang, 2018). The name probably originally made reference to the way air potatoes look like bells used in the tack for horses.

Alternatively, considering this word is mainly distributed in the South, and that other forms in the area, such as 荷蘭薯荷兰薯 and 番仔番薯, usually include a modifier meaning “foreign”, Suzuki (2013) suggests that 馬鈴马铃 (mǎlíng) may be a variant of 馬來马来 (Mǎlái, “Malay”).

Pronunciation


Noun

馬鈴薯

  1. potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 馬鈴薯 (“potato”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 馬鈴薯
Taxonomic name 馬鈴薯
Mandarin Beijing 土豆兒, 山藥蛋 dated
Taiwan 馬鈴薯, 洋芋
Tianjin 山藥豆兒, 山藥
Harbin 土豆兒, 土豆子, 地豆兒, 地豆子, 山豆兒
Shenyang 土豆兒
Hailar 土豆
Ulanhot 土豆
Tongliao 土豆
Chifeng 馬鈴薯
Bayanhot 山藥蛋, 山藥
Jinan 地蛋, 土豆兒
Muping 地蛋子, 地豆子
Luoyang 洋芋, 山藥蛋兒, 土豆
Wanrong 洋芋子, 土豆
Xi'an 洋芋
Qingdao 土豆
Zhengzhou 土豆兒, 山藥蛋 suburbs
Xining 洋芋, 洋芋蛋蛋
Xuzhou 土豆兒, 土豆子, 地豆子
Yinchuan 山芋, 山芋蛋
Lanzhou 洋芋
Ürümqi 洋芋
Wuhan 洋苕, 洋芋
Huanggang 土豆兒, 洋芋
Chengdu 洋芋
Guiyang 洋芋
Guilin 馬鈴薯
Liuzhou 馬鈴薯, 荷蘭薯
Kunming 洋芋, 山芋頭
Yangzhou 洋山芋
Nanjing 洋山芋, 土豆兒
Hefei 馬鈴薯, 洋山芋
Nantong 洋番芋
Malaysia 馬鈴薯
Singapore 馬鈴薯
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 洋芋
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 洋芋
Cantonese Guangzhou 薯仔, 荷蘭薯
Hong Kong 薯仔
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 荷蘭薯, 薯仔
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 薯仔, 荷蘭薯
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 荷蘭薯
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 薯仔
Macau 荷蘭薯
Panyu 薯仔, 荷蘭薯
Huadu (Huashan) 薯仔
Conghua 馬鈴薯
Zengcheng 薯仔
Foshan 薯仔, 荷蘭薯
Nanhai (Shatou) 荷蘭薯
Shunde 荷蘭薯
Sanshui 薯仔
Gaoming (Mingcheng) 薯仔
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 荷蘭薯
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 荷蘭薯
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 薯仔
Doumen 薯仔, 馬鈴薯
Jiangmen (Baisha) 馬鈴薯
Xinhui 馬鈴薯
Taishan 馬鈴薯, 薯仔
Kaiping (Chikan) 馬鈴薯
Enping (Niujiang) 馬鈴薯
Heshan (Yayao) 薯仔
Dongguan 薯仔, 荷蘭薯
Bao'an (Shajing) 荷蘭薯
Dapeng 薯仔
Shaoguan 荷蘭薯, 薯仔
Yunfu 冬薯
Yangjiang 馬鈴薯
Xinyi 荷蘭薯, 冬薯
Lianjiang 薯仔
Nanning 馬鈴薯
Wuzhou 馬鈴薯, 薯仔, 冬姑
Yulin 馬鈴薯, 地姑
Hepu 馬鈴薯
Danzhou 馬鈴薯
Kuala Lumpur 荷蘭薯
Ho Chi Minh City 薯仔
Gan Nanchang 洋芋頭, 土豆
Lichuan 土豆, 山藥薯
Pingxiang 洋芋仔
Hakka Meixian 馬鈴薯, 荷蘭薯
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 荷蘭薯, 馬鈴薯
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 馬鈴薯
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 馬鈴薯
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 馬鈴薯
Dongguan (Qingxi) 荷蘭薯
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 馬鈴薯
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 馬鈴薯
Boluo (Bendihua) 馬鈴薯
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 薯仔
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 荷蘭薯, 馬鈴薯
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 荷蘭薯
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 荷蘭薯
Wuhua (Huacheng) 馬鈴薯
Wuhua (Changbu) 馬鈴薯
Heyuan (Bendihua) 馬鈴薯
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 馬鈴薯
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 鈴薯
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 馬鈴薯
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 馬鈴薯
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 馬鈴薯
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 馬鈴薯
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 馬鈴薯
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 馬鈴薯
Conghua (Lütian) 馬鈴薯
Luchuan (Daqiao) 馬鈴薯
Changting 洋芋子
Yudu 馬鈴薯
Ruijin 土豆
Shicheng 土豆
Shangyou 馬鈴薯
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 馬鈴薯
Liudui (S. Sixian) 馬鈴薯
Hsinchu (Hailu) 馬鈴薯
Dongshi (Dabu) 馬鈴薯
Hsinchu (Raoping) 馬鈴薯
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 馬鈴薯
Hong Kong 荷蘭薯, 薯仔
Sabah (Longchuan) 薯仔
Senai 荷蘭薯
Singkawang 蕳砃
Huizhou Jixi 洋芋, 洋芋頭
Shexian 洋芋頭, 洋山芋
Tunxi 馬鈴芋
Xiuning 馬鈴芋
Yixian 洋芋頭
Qimen 馬鈴薯
Wuyuan 芋頭, 馬鈴薯
Fuliang 洋芋頭
Dexing 馬鈴薯
Jin Taiyuan 山藥蛋
Pingyao 山藥蛋
Xinzhou 山藥, 山藥蛋
Baochang 山藥
Jining 山藥
Hohhot 山藥
Baotou 山藥
Dongsheng 山藥
Linhe 山藥
Haibowan 山藥蛋
Min Bei Jian'ou 馬鈴薯, 洋芋
Dikou 麥仔芋
Songxi 洋芋
Zhenghe 觀音芋
Zhenqian 芋仔
Jianyang 洋芋仔
Wuyishan 洋芋仔
Shibei 洋芋頭
Min Dong Fuzhou 番囝薯
Changle 番囝薯
Fuqing 番囝薯
Yongtai 番囝薯
Gutian 番囝薯
Fu'an 洋芋卵
Ningde 馬鈴薯
Shouning 芋卵囝
Zhouning 洋芋卵
Fuding 芋卵囝
Min Nan Xiamen 番仔番薯, 馬鈴薯
Tong'an 番仔番薯
Quanzhou 番仔番薯, 馬鈴薯
Dehua 番囝薯
Zhangzhou 番仔番薯, 馬鈴薯
Dongshan 番仔番薯, 馬鈴薯
Taipei 馬鈴薯
Kaohsiung 馬鈴薯
Tainan 馬鈴薯
Taichung 馬鈴薯
Wuqi 油薯
Hsinchu 馬鈴薯
Taitung 馬鈴薯
Lukang 馬鈴薯
Sanxia 馬鈴薯
Yilan 馬鈴薯
Kinmen 蕳砃, 蕳砃薯
Magong 馬鈴薯
Penang 蕳砃薯
Singapore 蕳砃, 荷蘭薯
Zhangping 番仔芋仔
Zhangping (Yongfu) 番仔芋仔
Pingnan 馬鈴薯
Chaozhou 馬鈴薯, 荷蘭薯
Shantou 蕳砃
Johor Bahru 蕳砃
Wenchang 馬鈴薯
Haikou 荷蘭薯
Puxian Min Putian 洋紅薯, 馬鈴薯
Pinghua Nanning 馬鈴薯
Wu Shanghai 洋山芋, 土豆
Suzhou 洋芋艿, 洋山芋, 洋山薯
Wuxi 洋芋頭, 洋山芋
Hangzhou 洋番薯, 洋番芋
Wenzhou 番人芋, 楊梅芋, 洋番薯, 洋芋
Chongming 洋芋艿
Danyang 洋山芋
Jinhua 洋芋
Ningbo 洋芋艿, 洋番薯, 紅毛番薯
Xiang Changsha 洋芋頭, 洋芋, 洋芋子
Shuangfeng 洋芋子
Xiangtan 洋芋頭
Loudi 洋芋
Quanzhou 洋芋頭

Derived terms

Descendants


Japanese

馬鈴薯 (bareisho): a pile of potatoes.
Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
れい
Grade: S
しょ
Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Etymology

Origin unclear. Attributed to noted Edo-period botanist and scholar of Chinese medicine Ono Ranzan (see 小野蘭山) in the late 1700s. May be from Sinitic 馬鈴薯, or may be a Japanese coinage later borrowed into Chinese.

According to one theory, this word is a compound of 馬鈴 (barei, horse bell) + (sho, potato), from the way the potato looks a bit like the bells used in the tack for stage horses.[1] In another theory, 馬鈴 (barei) is an example of ateji for Malay, since potatoes were introduced to Japan via the Dutch East Indies.

Pronunciation

Noun

馬鈴薯 (hiragana ばれいしょ, rōmaji bareisho)

  1. potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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