青い

Japanese

Kanji in this term
あお
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Etymology

Modern form of Old Japanese adjective あおし (awosi); from Old Japanese awo-, from Proto-Japonic *awo.[1][2].

⟨awosi⟩ (classical 終止形 (shūshikei) or terminal form) → ⟨awoki1 (classical 連体形 (rentaikei) or attributive form) → /aoi/ (modern shūshikei and rentaikei)

An intervocalic sound-change, before /-i, -u, -e, -o/, caused medial voiceless plosive /-k-/ to undergo voicing, then spirantization, and gliding, before being dropped.[3]

⟨awoki1 → */awokʲi/ → */awogʲi/ → */awoɣi/ → */awoji/ → */awoi//aoi/

Pronunciation

Adjective

青い (-i inflection, hiragana あおい, rōmaji aoi, historical hiragana あをい)

  1. blue
  2. (of vegetation or traffic lights) green
  3. pale
  4. unripe; green (inexperienced)
    おまえはまだ (あお)
    Omae wa mada aoi.
    You're still green.

Inflection

Idioms

  •  (となり)芝生 (しばふ) (あお) ()える (tonari no shibafu wa aoku mieru, the grass is always greener on the other side)

References

  1. Thomas Pellard. Ryukyuan perspectives on the proto-Japonic vowel system. Frellesvig, Bjarke; Sells, Peter. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 20, CSLI Publications, pp.81–96, 2013.
  2. Old Japanese awo- in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese
  3. Hamano, S. Journal of East Asian Linguistics (2000) 9: 207. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008367619295
  4. 2002, 京阪系アクセント辞典 (A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
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