苦悶

See also: 苦闷

Chinese

		bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful	melancholy; smother; stuffy
trad. (苦悶)		苦	悶
simp. (苦闷)		苦	闷

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kǔmèn

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨˇ ㄇㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu² mun⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khú-mun
Min Nan (POJ): khó͘-būn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kǔmèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄇㄣˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuumenn
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ mən⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fu² mun⁶
  - Yale: fú muhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu² mun⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu² mun⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /fuː³⁵ muːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khú-mun
  - Hakka Romanization System: ku` mun
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ku³ mun⁴
  - IPA: /kʰu³¹ mun⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-būn
  - Tâi-lô: khóo-būn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qofbun
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bun⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bun³³/

Adjective

苦悶

depressed; dejected

Synonyms

Synonyms of 苦悶

低沉 (dīchén)
低落 (dīluò)
喪氣／丧气 (sàngqì)
壓抑／压抑 (yāyì)
寡歡／寡欢 (guǎhuān)
幽鬱／幽郁 (yōuyù) (archaic)
悒鬱／悒郁 (yìyù) (literary)
悒鬱寡歡／悒郁寡欢 (yìyùguǎhuān)
愁悶／愁闷 (chóumèn)
憂悶／忧闷 (yōumèn)
憂鬱／忧郁 (yōuyù)
憋悶／憋闷 (biēmen)
懊喪／懊丧 (àosàng)
抑鬱／抑郁 (yìyù)
沉悶／沉闷 (chénmèn)
沉鬱／沉郁 (chényù) (literary)

沮喪／沮丧 (jǔsàng)
消沉 (xiāochén)
灰心 (huīxīn)
灰心喪氣／灰心丧气 (huīxīn-sàngqì)
煩悶／烦闷 (fánmèn)
神傷／神伤 (shénshāng) (literary)
萎靡 (wěimǐ)
陰沉／阴沉 (yīnchén)
頹唐／颓唐 (tuítáng)
頹喪／颓丧 (tuísàng)
鬱悶／郁闷 (yùmèn)
鬱鬱／郁郁 (yùyù) (literary)
鬱鬱不樂／郁郁不乐 (yùyùbùlè)
鬱鬱寡歡／郁郁寡欢 (yùyùguǎhuān)
鬱鬱寡歡／郁郁寡欢 (yùyùguǎhuān)

Antonyms

舒暢／舒畅 (shūchàng)

Noun

苦悶

agony; anguish; worry; trouble

Japanese

Kanji in this term
苦	悶
く Grade: 3	もん Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- (Tokyo) くもん [kùmóń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝmõ̞ɴ]

Noun

苦悶 (hiragana くもん, rōmaji kumon)

agony, anguish, worry, trouble
苦 (く)悶 (もん)の神 (かみ)、ファリカ
Kumon no Kami, Farika
Pharika, Goddess of Affliction

References

1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
苦	悶

Noun

苦悶 • (gomin) (hangeul 고민)

Hanja form^? of 고민 (“agony, anguish, worry, trouble”).

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