繕う

Japanese
Kanji in this term
繕
つくろ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Etymology

/tukura pu/ → /t͡sukurəfu/ → /t͡sukurofu/ → /t͡sukurou/

Likely first attested in the Ruiju Myōgishō (c. 12th century).

Derived from 作ら (tsukura), the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete or irrealis form”) of verb 作る (tsukuru, “to make”) + ふ (fu, auxiliary verb representing ongoing or repetitive action). The medial /-ra-/ changed early on to /-ro-/.[1][2]

Pronunciation

Verb

繕う (transitive, godan conjugation, hiragana つくろう, rōmaji tsukurou, historical hiragana つくろふ)

  1. to repair, mend, patch up (something damaged especially clothing, footwear, etc.)
    Synonyms: 修繕する (shūzen suru), 修理する (shūri suru), 補修する (hoshū suru)
  2. to treat (a wound, injury, disease, etc.)
    Synonym: 手当てする (teate suru)
  3. to adjust, fix (hair, clothing, appearance, etc.)
  4. to keep up appearances

Conjugation
Conjugation of "繕う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 繕わ つくろわ tsukurowa
Continuative (連用形) 繕い つくろい tsukuroi
Terminal (終止形) 繕う つくろう tsukurou
Attributive (連体形) 繕う つくろう tsukurou
Hypothetical (仮定形) 繕え つくろえ tsukuroe
Imperative (命令形) 繕え つくろえ tsukuroe
Key constructions
Passive 繕われる つくろわれる tsukurowareru
Causative 繕わせる
繕わす		 つくろわせる
つくろわす		 tsukurowaseru
tsukurowasu
Potential 繕える つくろえる tsukuroeru
Volitional 繕おう つくろおう tsukuroō
Negative 繕わない つくろわない tsukurowanai
Negative continuative 繕わず つくろわず tsukurowazu
Formal 繕います つくろいます tsukuroimasu
Perfective 繕った つくろった tsukurotta
Conjunctive 繕って つくろって tsukurotte
Hypothetical conditional 繕えば つくろえば tsukuroeba

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 繕 (つくろ)い (tsukuroi)
  • 繕 (つくろ)い立 (た)つ (tsukuroi-tatsu)
  • 繕 (つくろ)い草 (ぐさ) (tsukuroigusa)
  • 繕 (つくろ)い物 (もの) (tsukuroimono)
  • 言 (いい)繕 (つくろ)う, 言 (い)い繕 (つくろ)う (iitsukurou)
  • 垣 (かき)繕 (つくろ)う (kakitsukurou)
  • 掻 (か)き繕 (つくろ)う (kakitsukurou)
  • 取 (とり)繕 (つくろ)う, 取 (と)り繕 (つくろ)う (toritsukurou)
  • 撫 (な)で繕 (つくろ)う (nadetsukurou)
  • 引 (ひき)繕 (つくろ)う, 引 (ひ)き繕 (つくろ)う (hikitsukurou)
  • 見 (み)繕 (つくろ)う (mitsukurou)

Idioms
  • 威 (い)儀 (ぎ)を繕 (つくろ)う (igi o tsukurou)
  • 衣 (え)紋 (もん)を繕 (つくろ)う (emon o tsukurou)

References
  1. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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