緊張

See also: 紧张

Chinese

		tight; nervous; strict	(a measure word); surname; open up
trad. (緊張)		緊	張
simp. (紧张)		紧	张

Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 緊 (きん)張 (ちょう) (kinchō).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jǐnzhāng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄓㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gan² zoeng¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kín-chông
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kín-tiuⁿ / kín-tiang / kán-chiong / kín-chiong

(Teochew, Peng'im): ging² ziang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: jǐnzhāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄓㄤ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiinjang
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gan² zoeng¹
  - Yale: gán jēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gan² dzoeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gen² zêng¹
  - IPA ^(key): /kɐn³⁵ t͡ʃœ̽ːŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kín-chông
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin` zong´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gin³ zong¹
  - IPA: /kin³¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín-tiuⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kín-tiunn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kyndviw
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /kin⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiũ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiũ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiũ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín-tiang
  - Tâi-lô: kín-tiang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kyndiafng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kán-chiong
  - Tâi-lô: kán-tsiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafnciofng
  - IPA (Singapore): /kan⁴²⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín-chiong
  - Tâi-lô: kín-tsiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kynciofng
  - IPA (Penang): /kin⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡ɕiɔŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ging² ziang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kíng tsiang
  - IPA ^(key): /kiŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siaŋ³³/

Adjective

緊張

tense; worried; stressed; nervous; anxious
我有什麼好緊張的呀？ [MSC, trad.]
我有什么好紧张的呀？ [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ yǒu shénme hǎo jǐnzhāng de ya? [Pinyin]
What have I got to be worried about?
tense (of a muscle, rope, etc.); taut
intense; acute; fierce; pressing
in short supply
fast-paced

Antonyms

(tense): 輕鬆／轻松 (qīngsōng)
(tense; taut): 鬆弛／松弛 (sōngchí)

Noun

緊張

nerves; nervousness (Classifier: 陣／阵)
tension (especially in international relations)
擴大緊張形勢 / 扩大紧张形势 ― kuòdà jǐnzhāng xíngshì ― to escalate tensions

Derived terms

創傷後心理壓力緊張症候群／创伤后心理压力紧张症候群 (chuāngshānghòu xīnlǐ yālì jǐnzhāng zhènghòuqún)

緊張性／紧张性 (jǐnzhāngxìng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
緊	張
きん Grade: S	ちょう Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- IPA^(key): [kʲĩɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ː]

Noun

緊張 (hiragana きんちょう, rōmaji kinchō)

physical tension, strain
mental strain, nervousness
tension in a relationship
the contracted state of a muscle

Compounds

緊 (きん)張 (ちょう)緩 (かん)和 (わ) (kinchō kanwa, “détente”)

Verb

緊張する (intransitive, hiragana きんちょうする, rōmaji kinchō suru)

be physically tense
be mentally tense, be nervous
for a relationship to suffer tension
for a muscle to contract

Conjugation

Conjugation of "緊張する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	緊張し	きんちょうし	kinchō shi
Continuative (連用形)	緊張し	きんちょうし	kinchō shi
Terminal (終止形)	緊張する	きんちょうする	kinchō suru
Attributive (連体形)	緊張する	きんちょうする	kinchō suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	緊張すれ	きんちょうすれ	kinchō sure
Imperative (命令形)	緊張せよ¹ 緊張しろ²	きんちょうせよ¹ きんちょうしろ²	kinchō seyo¹ kinchō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	緊張される	きんちょうされる	kinchō sareru
Causative	緊張させる緊張さす	きんちょうさせるきんちょうさす	kinchō saseru kinchō sasu
Potential	緊張できる	きんちょうできる	kinchō dekiru
Volitional	緊張しよう	きんちょうしよう	kinchō shiyō
Negative	緊張しない	きんちょうしない	kinchō shinai
Negative continuative	緊張せず	きんちょうせず	kinchō sezu
Formal	緊張します	きんちょうします	kinchō shimasu
Perfective	緊張した	きんちょうした	kinchō shita
Conjunctive	緊張して	きんちょうして	kinchō shite
Hypothetical conditional	緊張すれば	きんちょうすれば	kinchō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
緊	張

Noun

緊張 • (ginjang) (hangeul 긴장)

Hanja form^? of 긴장.

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
緊	張

Adjective

緊張

Hán tự form of khẩn trương (“urgent”).

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