紡績

Chinese

		spin	merit; accomplishment
trad. (紡績)		紡	績
simp. (纺绩)		纺	绩

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰaŋʔ [ts]ˤek/

(Zhengzhang): /*pʰaŋʔ ʔseːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	紡	績	績
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fǎng	jī	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ phjang^X ›	‹ tsek ›	‹ tsek ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰaŋʔ/	/*[ts]ˁek/	/*[ts]ˁek/
English	twist, spin	twist, spin	achieve; achievement
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

紡績

紡績 (hiragana ぼうせき, rōmaji bōseki)

紡績する (hiragana ぼうせきする, rōmaji bōseki suru)

Conjugation of "紡績する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	紡績し	ぼうせきし	bōseki shi
Continuative (連用形)	紡績し	ぼうせきし	bōseki shi
Terminal (終止形)	紡績する	ぼうせきする	bōseki suru
Attributive (連体形)	紡績する	ぼうせきする	bōseki suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	紡績すれ	ぼうせきすれ	bōseki sure
Imperative (命令形)	紡績せよ¹ 紡績しろ²	ぼうせきせよ¹ ぼうせきしろ²	bōseki seyo¹ bōseki shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	紡績される	ぼうせきされる	bōseki sareru
Causative	紡績させる紡績さす	ぼうせきさせるぼうせきさす	bōseki saseru bōseki sasu
Potential	紡績できる	ぼうせきできる	bōseki dekiru
Volitional	紡績しよう	ぼうせきしよう	bōseki shiyō
Negative	紡績しない	ぼうせきしない	bōseki shinai
Negative continuative	紡績せず	ぼうせきせず	bōseki sezu
Formal	紡績します	ぼうせきします	bōseki shimasu
Perfective	紡績した	ぼうせきした	bōseki shita
Conjunctive	紡績して	ぼうせきして	bōseki shite
Hypothetical conditional	紡績すれば	ぼうせきすれば	bōseki sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

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