無い

Japanese

Kanji in this term

Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Adjective

無い (-i inflection, hiragana ない, rōmaji nai)

  1. nonexistent
     (わたし)がテーブルの (うえ) (たし)かに ()いたリンゴが ()
    Watashi ga tēburu no ue ni tashika ni oita ringo ga nai.
    I know I put an apple on the table, but it's gone.
    名前 (なまえ)はまだ ()
    Namae wa mada nai.
    I don't yet have a name.
  2. not possessed or unavailable for one to use
     (かね)ない
    Okane ga nai.
    I'm broke.
  3. not yet come, (expected but) not arrived
  4. first in occurrence

Usage notes

  • This is only used with inanimate objects or things, with a few exceptions. When describing people or animals,  () (iru) is used instead.
  • The kana spelling alone (ない) is preferred to the spelling with kanji (無い), which is rarely used.
  • This kanji spelling is not used for the auxiliary ending ない, which, despite having conjugation akin to this adjective, is originally a different word.

Inflection

Antonyms

References

  1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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