汗青

Chinese

		perspiration; sweat	green (blue, black); Qinghai province (abbrev.)
simp. and trad. (汗青)		汗	青

Etymology

Literally: sweat and the color green. In Ancient China, before the paper was invented, writing was recorded on rectangular tablets made from either wood or bamboo called slips. The bamboo chosen for this purpose was usually green. It was put through a dehydration process that 'sweated out' the moisture from it making it more suitable for writing as well as for warding out insects and keeping it dry.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hànqīng

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ ㄑㄧㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hon⁶ cing¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: hànqīng
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ ㄑㄧㄥ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hannching
  - IPA ^(key): /xa̠n⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hon⁶ cing¹
  - Yale: hohn chīng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hon⁶ tsing¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hon⁶ qing¹
  - IPA ^(key): /hɔːn²² t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ɦɑn^H t͡sʰeŋ/▼

Rime
Character	汗	青
Reading #	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	IV
Fanqie	侯旰切	倉經切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑn^H/	/t͡sʰeŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑn^H/	/t͡sʰeŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑn^H/	/t͡sʰɛŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦan^H/	/t͡sʰɛjŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣɑn^H/	/t͡sʰeŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣɑn^H/	/t͡sʰieŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑn^H/	/t͡sʰieŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hàn	qīng

Noun

汗青

(archaic) bamboo slip
(literary) chronicles, annals, history

Synonyms

(bamboo slip): 竹簡／竹简 (zhújiǎn), 簡牘／简牍 (jiǎndú)
(chronicles): 史冊／史册 (shǐcè)

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