気付く

Japanese
Kanji in this term
気 付
き
Grade: 1		 つ > づ
Grade: 4
kan’on kun’yomi

Alternative forms

Etymology

Compound of 気 (ki, “awareness”) +‎ 付く (tsuku, “to stick, to attach, to turn on”).[1][2][3][4] The tsuku changes to zuku as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

Verb

気付く (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana きづく, rōmaji kizuku)

  1. to become aware, to notice
    それについて気 (き)付 (づ)かなかった。
    Sore ni tsuite kizukanakatta.
    I was not aware of that. → I did not notice that.
    危 (き)険 (けん)に気 (き)付 (づ)く
    kiken ni kizuku
    to become aware of a danger → to notice a danger
  2. to be revived, to come back to one's senses
    気絶 (きぜつ)していた人 (ひと)が気 (き)付 (づ)いた。
    Kizetsu shiteita hito ga kizuita.
    The person who had passed out regained consciousness.

Usage notes

Although the English gloss to notice is transitive, note that 気付く (kizuku) is intransitive. The verb can take an indirect object, marked with the particle に (ni), as in the examples above.

Conjugation
Conjugation of "気付く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 気付か きづか kizuka
Continuative (連用形) 気付き きづき kizuki
Terminal (終止形) 気付く きづく kizuku
Attributive (連体形) 気付く きづく kizuku
Hypothetical (仮定形) 気付け きづけ kizuke
Imperative (命令形) 気付け きづけ kizuke
Key constructions
Passive 気付かれる きづかれる kizukareru
Causative 気付かせる
気付かす		 きづかせる
きづかす		 kizukaseru
kizukasu
Potential 気付ける きづける kizukeru
Volitional 気付こう きづこう kizukō
Negative 気付かない きづかない kizukanai
Negative continuative 気付かず きづかず kizukazu
Formal 気付きます きづきます kizukimasu
Perfective 気付いた きづいた kizuita
Conjunctive 気付いて きづいて kizuite
Hypothetical conditional 気付けば きづけば kizukeba

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.