杜父魚

渡父 (“one who steers a boat”) + 魚／鱼 (yú, “fish”).

杜父魚

1. freshwater sculpin (Cottus)

杜父魚 (kamakiri, kakubutsu): a fourspine sculpin, species Cottus kazika.

Apparently from 鎌切 (kamakiri, “mantis”), possibly from the way the pectoral fins are smooth on the upper edge and webbed with sharp rays along the lower edge, somewhat similar to a mantis's forelegs, or from the way the fish lies in wait to grab prey, similar to a mantis.

The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 杜父魚.

• (Irregular reading)
  • (Tokyo) か​まきり [káꜜmàkìrì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2][3]
  • IPA^(key): [ka̠ma̠kʲiɾʲi]

• 鎌切

杜父魚 (hiragana かまきり, katakana カマキリ, rōmaji kamakiri)

1. a fourspine sculpin (species Cottus kazika); very similar to the kajika (see below), but larger

• 鮎 (あゆ)掛 (かけ) (ayukake) (more common)
• 杜父魚 (かくぶつ) (kakubutsu) (rare; see below)

The synonym 鮎掛 (ayukake) is much more commonly used, to avoid confusion between the fish and the insect senses of the term kamakiri.

Note that the species name Cottus kazika does not refer to the kajika (see below), but rather to the kamakiri or ayukake.

Unknown.

The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 杜父魚.

• (Irregular reading)
  • (Tokyo) かくぶつ [kàkúbútsú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [ka̠kɯ̟ᵝbɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

杜父魚 (hiragana かくぶつ, rōmaji kakubutsu)

1. (rare) a fourspine sculpin (species Cottus kazika); very similar to the kajika (see below), but larger

The kamakiri reading is more common for the fish sense. However, the synonym 鮎掛 (ayukake) is much more commonly used, to avoid confusion between the fish and the insect senses of the term kamakiri.

杜父魚 (kajika, tofugyo): a Japanese fluvial sculpin, species Cottus pollux.

Possibly from 河鹿 (kajika, literally “river deer”), the short name for 河鹿蛙 (kajika-gaeru, “Japanese river frog”), from the way the fish can resemble a young frog or tadpole as it sits on the bottom.

Alternatively, possibly derived from the same roots as 河鹿 (kajika) in reference to the fish's use as food, ultimately as a compound of 河 (kawa, “river”) +‎ 鹿 (shika, “deer”): /kawa ɕika/ → /kad͡ʑika/.

The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 杜父魚.

• (Irregular reading)
  • (Tokyo) かじか [kàjíká] (Heiban – [0])[1][2][3]
  • IPA^(key): [ka̠ʑika̠]

• 鰍 (more common)
• 鮖

杜父魚 (hiragana かじか, katakana カジカ, rōmaji kajika)

1. a Japanese fluvial sculpin (species Cottus pollux); very similar to the kamakiri (see above), but smaller

• 鮴 (ごり) (gori)
• まごり (magori) (rare)
• おごり (ogori) (rare)
• 杜 (と)父 (ふ)魚 (ぎょ) (tofugyo) (rare; Chinese contexts; see below)

Appears to be a borrowing from Middle Chinese 杜父魚 (MC duo^X pɨo^X|bɨo^X ŋɨʌ). The kan'on, so a later borrowing after the end of the Old Japanese stage of the language.

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • (Tokyo) とふ​ぎょ [tòfúꜜgyò] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [to̞ɸɯ̟ᵝɡʲo̞]

杜父魚 (hiragana とふぎょ, rōmaji tofugyo)

1. a Japanese fluvial sculpin (species Cottus pollux), more commonly known as 鰍 (kajika)

This reading is generally only used in contexts relating to China or the Chinese language.[4][1]

• 鰍 (かじか) (kajika)
• 鮴 (ごり) (gori)
• まごり (magori) (rare)
• おごり (ogori) (rare)