拳

See also: 挙
拳 U+62F3, 拳
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62F3
← 拲
[U+62F2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 拴 →
[U+62F4]

Translingual

Han character

拳 (radical 64, 手+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火手手 (FQQ), four-corner 90502, composition ⿱龹手)

References
  • KangXi: page 428, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11996
  • Dae Jaweon: page 777, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1864, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+62F3

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 拳

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (龹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
潫 *qroːn, *qon, *qron
豢 *ɡroːns
勬 *kron, *krons
韏 *kronʔ, *ɡrons, *kʰons
眷 *krons
桊 *krons
絭 *krons, *kʰrons, *kons, *kʰons, *koɡ
觠 *krons, *ɡron
飬 *krons
弮 *kʰron, *krons
拳 *ɡron
卷 *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ
齤 *ɡron
券 *kʰons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡron) : phonetic 龹 + semantic 手 (“hand”) – a fist is a form of a hand.

Etymology

From 卷 (OC *ɡron, “to bent; to curve”) (Schuessler, 2007; also cf. Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Pronunciation
Note:
  • kûn - vernacular;
  • koân/khoân - literary.
Rime
Character 拳
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 仙 (80)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 巨員切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɡˠiuᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɡʷᵚiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɡiuæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /gwian/
Li
Rong		 /ɡjuɛn/
Wang
Li		 /ɡĭwɛn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /gi̯wɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 quán
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 拳
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 quán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ gjwen ›
Old
Chinese		 /*N-kro[n]/
English fist (< rolled-up hand)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 拳
Reading # 1/1
No. 7165
Phonetic
component
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 權
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡron/

Definitions

拳

  1. fist
  2. Chinese boxing
  3. Classifier for strikes made with a fist.
  4. Alternative form of 踡 (quán, “to curl; to bend up”).

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 拳頭 (“fist”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 拳
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 拳頭, 拳
Mandarin Beijing 拳頭
Taiwan 拳頭
Harbin 拳頭
Hailar 拳頭
Ulan Hot 拳頭
Tongliao 拳頭
Chifeng 拳頭
Bayanhot 拳頭, 槌頭
Jinan 拳頭, 拳
Luoyang 拳頭
Wanrong 槌頭子
Wanrong (Ronghe) 槌骨嘟
Xi'an 槌頭子
Zhengzhou 槌
Xining 槌頭, 槌骨嘟
Xuzhou 皮槌, 槌頭子
Yinchuan 槌頭
Lanzhou 槌頭
Ürümqi 槌頭
Wuhan 拳頭, 槌子
Chengdu 砣子, 皮砣子, 掟子
Guiyang 槌頭, 槌槌, 砣砣, 皮砣砣, 皮砣
Liuzhou 拳頭
Kunming 拳頭
Yangzhou 拳頭
Nanjing 拳頭
Hefei 拳頭
Nantong 拳頭
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 槌頭
Cantonese Guangzhou 拳頭
Hong Kong 拳頭
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 拳頭
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 拳頭公
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 拳頭
Taishan 拳頭
Dongguan 拳頭牯, 拳頭
Yangjiang 拳頭, 槌頭
Xinyi 拳槌
Kuala Lumpur 拳頭
Ho Chi Minh City 拳頭
Gan Nanchang 拳頭, 槌頭
Lichuan 拳頭
Pingxiang 槌頭牯
Hakka Meixian 拳頭
Changting 拳頭
Wuping 拳頭
Ninghua 拳頭牯, 拳頭
Yudu 拳頭牯, 拳頭
Shicheng 拳頭牯
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Liudui (S. Sixian) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Hsinchu (Hailu) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Dongshi (Dabu) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Hsinchu (Raoping) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Hong Kong 拳頭
Senai 拳頭
Huizhou Jixi 拳頭
Jin Taiyuan 圪都, 槌頭, 槌, 拳頭
Pingyao 圪都, 槌頭子
Xinzhou 拳頭, 圪督子, 槌頭
Baochang 拳頭
Jining 拳頭
Hohhot 拳頭, 槌頭, 圪頭, 圪都
Baotou 拳頭
Dongsheng 拳頭
Linhe 槌頭
Haibowan 槌頭
Min Bei Jian'ou 拳頭
Min Dong Fuzhou 拳頭母, 拳頭
Fuqing 拳頭, 拳頭母
Min Nan Xiamen 拳頭母, 拳頭
Quanzhou 拳頭母, 拳頭
Jinjiang 拳頭母
Yongchun 拳頭母
Zhangzhou 拳頭母, 拳頭
Dongshan 拳頭母
Taipei 拳頭母
Kaohsiung 拳頭母, 拳頭
Tainan 拳頭母
Taichung 拳頭母
Wuqi 拳頭母
Hsinchu 拳頭, 拳頭母
Taitung 拳頭母
Lukang 拳頭, 拳頭母
Sanxia 拳頭母
Yilan 拳頭, 拳頭母
Kinmen 拳頭
Magong 拳頭, 拳頭母
Penang 拳頭母
Zhangping (Yongfu) 拳頭, 拳頭母
Chaozhou 拳頭母
Shantou 拳頭母
Haifeng 拳頭
Johor Bahru 拳頭
Wenchang 拳母, 拳頭母
Haikou 拳母, 拳
Puxian Min Putian 拳頭
Xianyou 拳頭牯
Pinghua Nanning 拳頭, 拳槌
Shehua Fu'an 拳頭
Fuding 拳頭
Luoyuan 拳頭
Sanming 拳頭
Shunchang 拳頭
Hua'an 拳頭
Cangnan 拳頭
Jingning 拳頭牯
Lishui 鋤頭牯
Longyou 鋤頭牯
Chaozhou 拳頭
Fengshun 拳頭牯
Wu Shanghai 拳頭
Suzhou 拳頭
Wuxi 拳頭
Hangzhou 拳頭
Wenzhou 拳, 拳頭
Chongming 拳頭
Danyang 拳頭
Jinhua 拳, 拳頭
Ningbo 拳頭
Xiang Changsha 拳頭牯
Shuangfeng 槌頭牯
Loudi 槌頭牯, 槌頭

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (拳):
  • → Bouyei: jianz
  • → Zhuang: gienz

Compounds
Derived terms from 拳

Japanese

Kanji
拳

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. ken, a game played with the hands; a game of hands; in Italian, mor(r)a, a game in which two (or more) players each suddenly display a hand showing zero to five fingers and call out what they think will be the sum of all fingers shown.
  2. fist, usually as a suffix in the names of martial art moves

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
拳
こぶし
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

拳 (hiragana こぶし, rōmaji kobushi, historical hiragana こぶし)

  1. fist

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
拳
けん
Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 拳 (MC ɡˠiuᴇn).

Suffix

拳 (hiragana けん, rōmaji -ken)

  1. (martial arts) used in the names of styles, or moves that involve punching
    Antonym: 脚 (-kyaku)
    蟷 (とう)螂 (ろう)拳 (けん)
    tōrōken
    mantis style
    太 (たい)極 (きょく)拳 (けん)
    taikyokuken
    tai chi
    波 (は)動 (どう)拳 (けん)
    Hadōken
    Surge Fist
    • 1999 February 20 [Apr 15 1994], Takahashi, Rumiko, “ＰＡＲＴパート.２　海うみ千せん拳けんと山やま千せん拳けん [PART.2 Umisenken and Yamasenken]”, in らんま½ [Ranma ½], volume 28 (fiction), 10th edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN:
      やつの目 (もく)的 (てき)はおそらく、山 (やま)千 (せん)拳 (けん)と対 (つい)をなす海 (うみ)千 (せん)拳 (けん)の秘 (ひ)伝 (でん)書 (しょ)。
      Yatsu no mokuteki wa osoraku, Yamasenken to tsui o nasu Umisenken no hidensho.
      He must be looking for the scroll for Umisenken, the antithesis of Yamasenken.
      海 (うみ)千 (せん)拳 (けん)？
      Umisenken?
      Umisenken?
    • 2000 December 20 [May 17 1999], Maekawa, Takeshi, “水すい面めんの戦たたかいの巻まき [Water Struggle]”, in 新しん鉄てっ拳けんチンミ [New Ironfist Chinmi], volume 6 (fiction), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, pages 158–161:
      今 (こん)度 (ど)はこっちの番 (ばん)だソウビ‼
      Kondo wa kotchi no ban da Sōbi‼
      It’s my turn now, Sōbi‼
      む
      Mu
      Mm?
      通 (つう)‥‥背 (はい)‥‥拳 (けん)‼‼
      Tsū‥‥hai‥‥ken‼‼
      Tong‥‥bei‥‥quan‼‼
      通 (つう)背 (はい)拳 (けん)⁉吊 (つ)り橋 (はし)でみせたあの技 (わざ)で　水 (みず)を‥‥‼
      Tsūhaiken⁉ Tsurihashi de miseta ano waza de Mizu o‥‥‼
      Tongbeiquan⁉ I saw him use this move at the suspension bridge, but now on water‥‥⁉
    • 2001 January 23, Kurumada, Masami, “女神アテナの聖闘士セイントの巻まき [Athena’s Saints]”, in Saintセイント星セイ矢ヤ [Saint Seiya], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 60:
      ペガサス流 (りゅう)星 (せい)拳 (けん)‼
      Pegasasu Ryūseiken‼
      Pegasus Meteor Fists‼
    • 2004 September 8, Watsuki, Nobuhiro, “第だい36話わ　カーニバル［祭まつり］ [Chapter 36: Carnival]”, in 武ブ装ソウ錬レン金キン [Armed Alchemy], volume 4, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
      直 (ちょく)撃 (げき)！ブラボー拳 (けん)‼
      Chokugeki! Burabō-ken‼
      Direct! Bravo Punch‼

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

拳 • (gwon) (hangeul 권, revised gwon, McCune–Reischauer kwŏn, Yale kwen)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

拳 (quyền, quèn, long, thành)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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