戦う

Japanese

Kanji in this term
たたか
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Alternative forms

Etymology

From classical verb  (たたか) (tatakafu), derived from the 未然形 (mizenkei, incomplete form) tataka of verb  (たた) (tataku, to strike) + auxiliary verb (fu, indicating repetitive or ongoing action) → “to strike repeatedly” → “to fight”.[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "戦う"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
戦う たかう [tàtákáú]
Imperative (命令形) 戦え たかえ [tàtákáé]
Key constructions
Passive 戦われる たかわれる [tàtákáwárérú]
Causative 戦わせる たかわせる [tàtákáwásérú]
Potential 戦える たかえる [tàtákáérú]
Volitional 戦おう たかお [tàtákáóꜜò]
Negative 戦わない たかわない [tàtákáwánáí]
Negative perfective 戦わなかった たかわなかった [tàtákáwánáꜜkàttà]
Formal 戦います たかいま [tàtákáímáꜜsù]
Perfective 戦った たかった [tàtákáttá]
Conjunctive 戦って たかって [tàtákátté]
Hypothetical conditional 戦えば たかえ [tàtákáéꜜbà]

Verb

戦う (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 戰う, godan conjugation, hiragana たたかう, rōmaji tatakau, historical hiragana たたかふ)

  1. to battle, to fight, to wage war
    • 1916, 和辻哲郎, 転向:
      しかしこの (てき) (たたか)っている (あいだ)に、 (ほか) (てき) (はい) () (まわ)っていた。
      Shikashi kono teki to tatakatte iru aida ni, hoka no teki ga haigo e mawatte ita.
      But while he was battling this enemy, another had come up behind him.
    • 1922, 寺田寅彦, 亮の追憶:
      しかし自分 (じぶん) (よわ)さと (たたか)戦士 (せんし)としては (けっ)して (よわ)くなかった。
      Shikashi jibun no yowasa to tatakau senshi toshite wa kesshite yowakunakatta.
      Yet he was not a weak soldier as a soldier fighting his own weakness.
    Synonym: 戦争する (sensō suru) (wage war)
  2. to compete (in a match, for example)
    Synonyms: 競争する (kyōsō suru), 試合する (shiai suru), 勝負する (shōbu suru), 争う (arasou)
  3. to contend (for one's own interests)
    Synonym: 争う (arasou)
  4. (figuratively) to get through with one's sufferings or difficulties (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  5. (literally) to hit or strike repeatedly
    Synonym: 乱打する (randa suru)

Conjugation

Usage notes

The 戦う spelling is used in a broader sense than 闘う:

敵国 (てっこく) (たたか)
tekkoku to tatakau
battle in an enemy country
選挙 (せんきょ) (たたか)
senkyo de tatakau
compete in the elections
 (あつ) (たたか)
atsusa to tatakau
beat the heat

Derived terms

See also

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  5. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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