忐忑

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (忐忑)		忐	忑
variant forms		憳忒 Etymology 1

Glyph origin

Ideogrammatic, from 上 (“up”), 下 (“down”) and 心 (“heart”).

Etymology 1

Word etymology unknown. Earliest attestation was in Song Dynasty, when the word was pronounced like *tam tik. Likely reduplicative in origin, of a type akin to Vietnamese từ láy, from an onomatopoeic root *tik meaning “to palpitate”. Compare 忒忒 (tètè < *tik tik, “to throb (abnormally)”) as well as Vietnamese thấp thỏm ~ nhấp nhỏm (“uneasy, fidgety”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tǎntè

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˇ ㄊㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): taan² tik¹
Min Nan (POJ): thám-thiak / thám-thek

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: tǎntè
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˇ ㄊㄜˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taanteh
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: taan² tik¹
  - Yale: táan tīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: taan² tik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: tan² tig¹
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰäːn³⁵ tʰɪk̚⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thám-thiak
  - Tâi-lô: thám-thiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tafmtiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thám-thek
  - Tâi-lô: thám-thik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tafmteg
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɪk̚³²/

Adjective

忐忑

perturbed; nervous; uneasy; fidgety
忐忑不安 ― tǎntèbù'ān ― uneasy

Synonyms

不安 (bù'ān)
糾結／纠结 (jiūjié)
心神不定
坐立不安
緊張／紧张 (jǐnzhāng)

Derived terms

心懷忐忑／心怀忐忑
忐忐忑忑
忐忑不安 (tǎntèbù'ān)

忐忑不定
忐忑不寧／忐忑不宁

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kěngdǎo

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄥˇ ㄉㄠˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kěngdǎo [Phonetic: kéngdǎo]
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄥˇ ㄉㄠˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keengdao
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Adjective

忐忑

(obsolete) sincere
心心忐忑 ― xīnxīn kěngdǎo ― sincere

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