earth; dust; rural earth; dust; rural; uncouth; uncultured; plebeian |
jade tablet | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (土圭) |
土 | 圭 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 土 | 圭 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 齊 (40) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | IV |
| Fanqie | 他魯切 | 古攜切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/tʰuoX/ | /kwei/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/tʰuoX/ | /kʷei/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/tʰoX/ | /kuɛi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/tʰɔX/ | /kwɛj/ |
| Li Rong |
/tʰoX/ | /kuei/ |
| Wang Li |
/tʰuX/ | /kiwei/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/tʰuoX/ | /kiwei/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
tǔ | guī |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 土 | 圭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
tǔ | guī |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ thuX › | ‹ kwej › |
| Old Chinese |
/*tʰˁaʔ/ | /*[k]ʷˁe/ |
| English | earth | jade scepter |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 土 | 圭 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12499 | 4569 |
| Phonetic component |
土 | 圭 |
| Rime group |
魚 | 支 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
土 | 圭 |
| Old Chinese |
/*l̥ʰaːʔ/ | /*kʷeː/ |