古い

Japanese

Kanji in this term
ふる
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Alternative forms

  • 旧い, 故い

Etymology

⟨puruki1 → */purukʲi//ɸurugʲi//ɸuruɣi//ɸuruji//furui/

Shift from furuki, the 連体形 (rentaikei, attributive form) of classical adjective 古し (furushi).

An intervocalic sound-change caused the medial plosive /-k-/ to undergo voicing, then spirantization, then gliding, then being dropped, before /-i, -u, -e, -o/ [1]

Pronunciation

Adjective

古い (-i inflection, hiragana ふるい, rōmaji furui)

  1. (not of a person) old, aged, antiqued
     (わたし)以前 (いぜん) (ふる)ロールスロイスを ()っていた。
    Watashi wa izen furui Rōrusu-Roisu o motte ita.
    I used to own an old Rolls-Royce.
     (わたし) (ふる)ランプを ()った。
    Watashi wa furui ranpu o katta.
    I bought an old lamp.

Inflection

Antonyms

Derived terms

  •  (ふる)革袋 (かわぶくろ) (あたら)しい (さけ) () (furui kawabukuro ni atarashii sake o moru, to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles)
  •  (あたら)しい (さけ) (ふる)革袋 (かわぶくろ) ()れる (atarashii sake wa furui kawabukuro ni ireru, to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles)

References

  1. Hamano, S. Journal of East Asian Linguistics (2000) 9: 207. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008367619295
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Hirayama, Tetsuo (1960) 全国アクセント辞典 (Nationwide Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: 東京堂,.
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