厄

See also: 阨

厄	U+5384, 厄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5384

← 厃
[U+5383]

CJK Unified Ideographs

厅 →
[U+5385]

Translingual

Han character

厄 (radical 27, 厂+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一尸山 (MSU), four-corner 7121₂, composition ⿸厂㔾)

Derived characters

伌, 呃, 𡛖, 𭜒, 扼, 𤜸, 阨, 𦙜, 枙, 砈, 𬡉, 蚅, 𭅻, 𮛊, 𮜯, 軛(轭), 鈪, 𩚚(𬲩), 𥝂, 𬪾, 𦷖, 𩵡, 𧠏, 頋(顾), 危, 𭖆, 苊, 𣐃

References

KangXi: page 160, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2893
Dae Jaweon: page 367, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 68, character 5
Unihan data for U+5384

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 厄
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (戹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
呃	qreːɡs, qreːɡ
阸	qreːɡs, qreːɡ
厄	*qreːɡ
蚅	*qreːɡ
扼	*qreːɡ
軛	*qreːɡ
戹	*qreːɡ
豟	*qreːɡ
呝	*qreːɡ
軶	*qreːɡ

Etymology 1 and 3: See 戹.
Etymology 2: Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲) : phonetic 厂 + semantic 卩 (“joint”).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		厄
variant forms		戹阨𠂬

Probably related to 嗌 (OC *qleɡ, “throat”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): è (e⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄜˋ

(Chengdu, SP): nge²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): aak¹, ak¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ak²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ak
Min Dong (BUC): áik
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): eh / ek / iak

(Teochew, Peng'im): êh⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): ngeq (T5)
Xiang (Wiktionary): nge⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: è
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
  - Wade–Giles: o⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nge²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nge
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋɛ²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: aak¹, ak¹
  - Yale: āak, āk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: aak⁷, ak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: ag¹, eg¹
  - IPA ^(key): /äːk̚⁵/, /ɐk̚⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ak²
  - IPA ^(key): /ak̚⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ak
  - Hakka Romanization System: ag`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ag⁵
  - IPA: /ak̚²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: áik
  - IPA ^(key): /aiʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: eh
  - Tâi-lô: eh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: eq
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /eʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /eʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ek
  - Tâi-lô: ik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: eg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
  - Tâi-lô: iak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚⁵/

Note:

eh - vernacular;
iak/ek - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: êh⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: eh
  - IPA ^(key): /eʔ²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ngeq (T5)
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋəʔ¹²/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: nge⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋɤ̞²⁴/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 厄
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɤ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ɤ⁴⁴/ /nɤ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/nɤ⁵³/
	Jinan	/ŋə⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɣə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ɛ⁵³/
	Xi'an	/ŋɤ²¹/
	Xining	/ȵi⁴⁴/ /nɛ⁴⁴/ 新
	Yinchuan	/ə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɛ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/kɤ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ŋɤ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ŋe³¹/
	Guiyang	/ŋɛ²¹/
	Kunming	/ə³¹/
	Nanjing	/əʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʐɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɣaʔ²/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/ŋaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ŋəʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ŋəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ʔɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/a²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ŋɛʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/ŋə/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ŋæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/ak̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ɑk̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ak̚⁵/
	Nanning	/ŋɐk̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/ak̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/ik̚³²/ /eʔ³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/aiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ŋɛ⁴²/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/eʔ²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ŋɔk̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ʔˠɛk̚/▼

Rime
Character	厄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	麥 (119)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	於革切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠɛk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚæk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɐk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔəɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/ʔɛk̚/
Wang Li	/æk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔæk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	e

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qˤ<r>[i]k/

(Zhengzhang): /*qreːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	厄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	è
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔɛk ›
Old Chinese	/*qˁ<r>[i]k/
English	part of a yoke
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	厄
Reading #	1/1
No.	2707
Phonetic component	戹
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	戹
Old Chinese	/*qreːɡ/
Notes	同戹

Definitions

厄

adversity; difficulty; distress
Alternative form of 軛／轭 (è, “yoke”).

Compounds

乘人之厄
兵厄
厄利垂亞／厄利垂亚 (Èlìchuíyà)
厄會／厄会
厄爾巴島／厄尔巴岛
厄瓜多 (Èguāduō)
厄臺／厄台

厄運／厄运 (èyùn)
厄難／厄难 (ènàn)
厄魯特族／厄鲁特族
困厄 (kùn'è)
在陳之厄／在陈之厄
央厄
水厄

消災解厄／消灾解厄
災厄／灾厄 (zāi'è)
矜貧救厄／矜贫救厄
解厄
陳蔡之厄／陈蔡之厄
黃楊厄閏／黄杨厄闰

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		厄

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ě, è (e³, e⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄜˇ, ㄜˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: ě
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˇ
  - Wade–Giles: o³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ee
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: è
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
  - Wade–Giles: o⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/

Definitions

厄

^‡ Used in 科厄.

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		厄

From 惡／恶.

Pronunciation

Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): oh⁴

Min Nan
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: oh⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: oh
  - IPA ^(key): /oʔ²/

Definitions

厄

(Teochew) difficult
Synonyms: 難／难 (nán)

Japanese

Kanji

厄

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

On (unclassified): やく (yaku, Jōyō); が (ga); あく (aku)
Kun: やくしむ (yakushimu, 厄しむ); わざわい (wazawai, 厄い)

Noun

厄 (hiragana やく, rōmaji yaku)

bad luck, evil

Korean

Hanja

厄 • (aek) (hangeul 액, revised aek, McCune–Reischauer aek, Yale ayk)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

厄 (ách)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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