公家

Chinese
 
just; honorable; public; common; fair; duke; mister
 
home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools
simp. and trad.
(公家)		 公 家
anagram 家公

Pronunciation 1

Adjective

公家

  1. public
Antonyms

Noun

公家

  1. the state
  2. the public
  3. imperial family
  4. royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government
Synonyms
  • (royal court):

Pronunciation 2

Verb

公家

  1. (Xiamen, Zhangzhou Min Nan) to work together; to operate jointly

Adverb

公家

  1. (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwanese Hokkien) jointly; together
    公家出  ―  gōngjiā chū  ―  (everyone) pay together

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
公 家
く
Grade: 2		 げ
Grade: 2
on’yomi

Probably originally from Middle Chinese 公家. Compare modern Mandarin 公家 (gōngjiā, “the state, the public”). The meaning in Japanese developed from “great house, great family” to then signify “the imperial family”, then by extension the courtiers, and again the nobility.[1]

The reading is an alteration from the expected go'on reading of kuke.

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

公家 (hiragana くげ, rōmaji kuge)

  1. the imperial court
  2. the emperor and courtiers
  3. the nobility in general

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
公 家
こう
Grade: 2		 か
Grade: 2
on’yomi

The kan'on reading, suggesting a later borrowing. Rarely used.

Pronunciation

Noun

公家 (hiragana こうか, rōmaji kōka)

  1. (rare) the imperial court
  2. (rare) the emperor and courtiers

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
公 家
こう
Grade: 2		 け
Grade: 2
on’yomi

Mixed reading, using the kan'on for 公 and the go'on for 家. Rarely used.

Pronunciation

Noun

公家 (hiragana こうけ, rōmaji kōke)

  1. (rare) the imperial court
  2. (rare) the emperor and courtiers

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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