優婆塞

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (優婆塞)		優	婆	塞
simp. (优婆塞)		优	婆	塞

Etymology

From Sanskrit उपासक (upāsaka).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yōupósè

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄡㄆㄛˊ ㄙㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jau¹ po⁴ sak¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yōupósè
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄡㄆㄛˊ ㄙㄜˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iouporseh
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jau¹ po⁴ sak¹
  - Yale: yāu pòh sāk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau¹ po⁴ sak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo¹ po⁴ seg¹
  - IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵ pʰɔː²¹ sɐk̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ʔɨu buɑ sək̚/▼

Rime
Character	優	婆	塞
Reading #	1/1	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	並 (3)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	戈 (95)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I	I
Fanqie	於求切	薄波切	蘇則切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨu/	/buɑ/	/sək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔiu/	/buɑ/	/sək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiəu/	/buɑ/	/sək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuw/	/bwa/	/sək̚/
Li Rong	/ʔiu/	/buɑ/	/sək̚/
Wang Li	/ĭəu/	/buɑ/	/sək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ə̯u/	/bʱuɑ/	/sək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yōu	pó	se

Noun

優婆塞

(Buddhism) male lay devotee

Synonyms

居士 (jūshì)

Related terms

優婆夷／优婆夷

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (優婆塞):

→ Japanese: 優 (う)婆 (ば)塞 (そく) (ubasoku)
→ Korean: 우바새 (優婆塞, ubasae)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
優	婆	塞
う Grade: 6	ば Grade: S	そく Grade: S
on’yomi

Etymology

From Sanskrit उपासक (upāsaka) or Pali upāsaka. The kanji are ateji (当て字).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) うばそく [ùbáꜜsòkù] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
- IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ᵝba̠so̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

優婆塞 (hiragana うばそく, rōmaji ubasoku, historical hiragana うばそく)

Male lay followers of the Buddha, and Buddhism in general.

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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