See also:
U+50B5, 債
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50B5

[U+50B4]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+50B6]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 9, +11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人手一金 (OQMC), four-corner 25286, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 114, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1022
  • Dae Jaweon: page 244, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 207, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+50B5

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character


References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ
*ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ
*sʰeɡs, *sʰeɡ
*sʰeːɡs, *raːds
*sʰeɡs
*sʰeɡs
*zeɡs
*zraːd, *zreːɡ
*ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ
*sreːɡ, *sʰloːɡ, *sloːɡ, *l̥ʰoɡ
*sreːɡ, *sroɡs, *sroɡs
*ʔsreːɡ
*ʔsreːɡ
*ʔsreːɡ, *sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ
*ʔsreːɡ
*ʔsreːɡ
*sʰreːɡ
*sʰreːɡ
*sʰreːɡ
*sʰreːɡ, *kreːb, *keːb
*sʰreːɡ, *sreːɡ
*zreːɡ
鰿 *zreːɡ, *ʔseɡ
*sreːɡ
*ʔseɡ
*ʔseɡ
*sʰeɡ
*sʰeɡ
*ʔseːɡ
*ʔseːɡ
*ʔseːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ) : semantic  + phonetic  (OC *ʔsreːɡ).

Etymology

Cognate with (OC *ʔsreːɡ, “to request; to hold responsible”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • chè/chèe - vernacular;
  • chài - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂai⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡sai⁵³/
/ʈ͡ʂai⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡sai⁵³/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂɛ²¹/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂai³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡sai⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡sai²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡sai³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sai¹³/
Guiyang /t͡sai²¹³/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂæ²¹²/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂae⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂe̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡sæ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡sɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sa³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sɑ⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡se̞⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sa⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡sa³²⁴/
/t͡sɛ³²⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sa⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sai⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sai⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡sɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sai³³/
Nanning /t͡sai³³/
Hong Kong /t͡sai³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sai²¹/
/t͡se²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sɑi²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sai³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡se²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡sai³⁵/
/t͡sɛ³⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (18) (18)
Final () (31) (119)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () II II
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ʃˠɛH/ /t͡ʃˠɛk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈ͡ʂᵚæH/ /ʈ͡ʂᵚæk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ʃæiH/ /t͡ʃɐk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈ͡ʂaɨjH/ /ʈ͡ʂəɨjk̚/
Li
Rong
/t͡ʃɛH/ /t͡ʃɛk̚/
Wang
Li
/t͡ʃaiH/ /t͡ʃæk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʈ͡ʂaiH/ /ʈ͡ʂæk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhài zhe
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhài
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsrɛH ›
Old
Chinese
/*s-tˁrek-s/
English debt

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 1744 1759
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ʔsreːɡs/ /*ʔsreːɡ/

Definitions

  1. debt; loan; liabilities
  2. (figuratively) owed thing

Compounds

  • 冷債冷债
  • 募債募债
  • 國債国债 (guózhài)
  • 國家公債国家公债
  • 外債外债 (wàizhài)
  • 宿債宿债
  • 建設公債建设公债
  • 抵債抵债
  • 捍債捍债
  • 揭債揭债
  • 揭債還債揭债还债
  • 放京債放京债
  • 放來生債放来生债
  • 放債放债 (fàngzhài)
  • 欠債欠债 (qiànzhài)
  • 欠債還錢欠债还钱
  • 氧債氧债
  • 流動負債流动负债
  • 父債子還父债子还
  • 相思債相思债
  • 私債私债
  • 索債索债
  • 膿血債脓血债
  • 自由公債自由公债
  • 舉債举债
  • 血債血债 (xuèzhài)
  • 血債血還血债血还
  • 討債讨债 (tǎozhài)
  • 討債鬼讨债鬼
  • 負債负债 (fùzhài)
  • 負債累累负债累累
  • 賴債赖债
  • 躲債躲债
  • 逃債逃债 (táozhài)
  • 逃債臺逃债台
  • 逼債逼债
  • 避債避债
  • 還債还债 (huánzhài)
  • 鉤腸債钩肠债
  • 風情月債风情月债
  • 風流債风流债
  • 麻衣債麻衣债

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: (se)
  • Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
  • Kun: かり (kari, 債り)

Compounds

  •  (しゃ) (さい) (shasai)
  •  (がっ) (こう) (さい) (gakkōsai)
  •  (しゃ) (さい) (はっ) (こう) () (shasaihakkōhi)
  •  () (さい) (せい) (ひき) (あて) (きん) (fusaiseihikiatekin)
  • ワラント (さい) (warantosai)
  •  (こう) (さい) (kōsai)
  •  (がく) (さい) (gakusai)
  •  (さい) () (saimu)

Noun

(hiragana さい, rōmaji sai)

  1. loan, debt

Korean

Hanja

(chae) (hangeul )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(trái)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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