五月雨

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
五 月 雨
Grade: 1 Grade: 1 Grade: 1
Irregular

Compound of さ (sa-, prefix meaning "early") and an uncertain みだれ (midare), likely thought to be 水垂れ (midare, “water fall”).[1][2]

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Satsuki-ame (see below).

Pronunciation
  • (Irregular reading)
    • (Tokyo) さみだれ [sàmídáré] (Heiban – [0])[2]
    • IPA(key): [sa̠mʲida̠ɾe̞]

Noun

五月雨 (hiragana さみだれ, rōmaji samidare)

  1. a heavy rain that occurs around the fifth lunar month; an early summer rain
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 552)[3]
      Samidare. サミダレ (五月雨) Goguatno ame. (五月の雨) Nagaxi (ながし)と呼ばれる, [陰暦]五月の雨.
    Synonyms: 卯の花腐し (unohana-kudashi), 梅雨 (tsuyu, baiu), 長雨 (nagame), 麦雨 (bakuu), 緑雨 (ryokuu)
    Antonym: 五月晴れ (Satsuki-bare)
    Hypernym: 雨 (ame)
  2. (figuratively) that which repeats over and over without lasting long
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 五 (さ)月 (み)雨 (だ)る (samidaru, “let the rains of May fall”)
  • さ乱 (みだ)れ髪 (がみ) (samidare-gami, “dishevelled hair”, poetic)
  • 五月雨 (さみだれ)雲 (ぐも) (samidare-gumo, “rainy season cloud”)
  • 五月雨 (さみだれ)式 (しき) (samidare-shiki, “intermittent manner”)
See also
  • 五月 (さつき)闇 (やみ) (Satsuki-yami, “rainy season dark”)

Proper noun

五月雨 (hiragana さみだれ, rōmaji Samidare)

  1. a Shiratsuyu-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II (see Japanese destroyer Samidare (1935) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )
    Hypernym: 白露 (Shiratsuyu)
  2. a place name
Derived terms
  • 五月雨 (さみだれ)岩 (いわ) (Samidare Iwa)
  • 五月雨 (さみだれの)滝 (たき) (Samidare no Taki)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
五 月 雨
Grade: 1 つき
Grade: 1		 あめ
Grade: 1
Irregular

Compound of 五月, 皐月 (Satsuki, “fifth lunar month”) +‎ 雨 (ame, “rain”).

Pronunciation
  • (Irregular reading)
    • (Tokyo) さつきあ​め [sàtsúkíáꜜmè] (Nakadaka – [4])[2]
    • (Tokyo) さつき​あめ [sàtsúkíꜜàmè] (Nakadaka – [3])
    • IPA(key): [sa̠t͡sɨ̥ᵝkʲia̠me̞]

Noun

五月雨 (hiragana さつきあめ, rōmaji Satsuki-ame)

  1. a heavy rain that occurs around the fifth lunar month; an early summer rain.
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 560)[3]
      Satçuqiame. (サツキアメ) (皐月雨) Samidare (五月雨)に同じ. [陰暦]五月の雨.
    Synonyms: 梅雨 (tsuyu, baiu), 緑雨 (ryokuu)
    Antonym: 五月晴れ (Satsuki-bare)
    Hypernym: 雨 (ame)

References
  1. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
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