べし

Japanese

Alternative forms

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [be̞ɕi]

Verb

べし (irregular conjugation, rōmaji beshi)

  1. (jodōshi, attaching to terminal form) must, shall
    1. indicating certainty
      • 地 (ち)方 (ほう)路 (ろ)線 (せん)のいくつかはやがて廃止 (はいし)されるべき運 (うん)命 (めい)にある。
        Chihō rosen no ikutsuka wa yagate haishisarerubeki unmei ni aru.
        Some of the local railways will soon be abolished.
    2. indicating requirement
      • この件 (けん)については君 (きみ)が責任 (せきにん)をとるべきだ。
        Kono ken ni tsuite wa kimi ga sekinin o torubeki da.
        You should take responsibility on this.
      • 明日 (あした)は八時 (はちじ)までに出 (しゅっ)勤 (きん)すべし。
        Ashita wa hachiji made ni shukkinsubeshi.
        You should work until 8 tomorrow.
      • 英 (えい)語 (ご)は声 (こえ)を出 (だ)して読 (よ)むべきだ。
        Eigo wa koe o dashite yomu beki da.
        You should read English aloud.
      • 来年 (らいねん)の博覧会開催 (はくらんかいかいさい)に間 (ま)に合 (あ)わせるべく、突 (とっ)貫 (かん)工 (こう)事 (じ)が行 (おこな)われている。
        Rainen no hakurankai kaisai ni ma ni awaseru beku, tokkan kōji ga okonawareteiru.
        In order to hold the exhibition in time next year, hasty construction is underway.

Conjugation
Conjugation of "べし" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) べから bekara
Continuative (連用形) べく
べかり		 beku
bekari
Terminal (終止形) べし beshi
Attributive (連体形) べき
べかる		 beki
bekaru
Hypothetical (仮定形) べけれ bekere
Imperative (命令形) － －
Key constructions
Passive － －
Causative － －
Potential － －
Volitional － －
Negative べきではない beki de wa nai
Negative continuative べからず
べからざる		 bekarazu
bekarazaru
Formal － －
Perfective べきだった bekidatta
Conjunctive べきで bekide
Hypothetical conditional べければ bekereba
Classical conjugation of "べし" (ク活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) べく[1]
べから[2]		beku
bekara
Continuative (連用形) べく[1]
べかり[2]		beku
bekari
Terminal (終止形) べしbesi
Attributive (連体形) べき
べかる		beki
bekaru
Realis (已然形) べけれbekere
Imperative (命令形) べかれbekare
Key constructions
Negative べからずbekarazu
Contrasting conjunction べけれどbekeredo
Causal conjunction べければbekereba
Conditional conjunction べくばbekuba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) べかりきbekariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) べかりけりbekarikeri
Adverbial べくbeku
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.
  • The modern conjugation of べし is a combination of its classical conjugation and the conjugation of べき + だ (da).

Usage notes
  • Verb する takes the classical terminal form す, rather than the modern terminal form する, when preceding べし. Hence "すべし" ("should do").
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