على

See also: علي‎, علی‎, غلى‎, and غلي‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

Cognate with Hebrew עַל‎ ('al), עֲלֵי‎ ('aléi), Aramaic עַל‎ (ʿal).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕa.laː/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -aː
Homophone: عَلَا‎ (ʿalā)

Preposition

عَلَى • (ʿalā)

on
over or against
expresses obligation in the form عَلَيْهُ أَنْ (ʿalayhu ʾan, “one must (do)”) followed by a subjunctive form
‏عَلَيْكَ أَنْ تَدْرُسَ كَْي تَنْجَحَ.‎‎
ʿalayka ʾan tadrusa kay tanjaḥa.
You have to study to be successful

Inflection

Inflected forms

Personal-pronoun- including forms	Singular		Dual	Plural
Base form					عَلَى (ʿalā)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Masculine	Feminine	Common	Masculine	Feminine
First person	عَلَيَّ‎ (ʿalayya)			عَلَيْنَا‎ (ʿalaynā)
Second person	عَلَيْكَ‎ (ʿalayka)	عَلَيْكِ‎ (ʿalayki)	عَلَيْكُمَا‎ (ʿalaykumā)	عَلَيْكُمْ‎ (ʿalaykum)	عَلَيْكُنَّ‎ (ʿalaykunna)
Third person	عَلَيْهِ‎ (ʿalayhi)	عَلَيْهَا‎ (ʿalayhā)	عَلَيْهِمَا‎ (ʿalayhimā)	عَلَيْهِمْ‎ (ʿalayhim)	عَلَيْهِنَّ‎ (ʿalayhinna)

Antonyms

لِـ‎ (li-)

Etymology 2

Morphologically from the root ع ل ي‎ (ʿ-l-y).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕa.laː/
Audio (file)
Homophone: عَلَا‎ (ʿalā)

Verb

عَلَى • (ʿalā) I, non-past يَعْلِي‎‎ (yaʿlī)

(transitive) to climb.

Conjugation

Conjugation of

عَلَى

(form-I final-weak, verbal noun عَلْي)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					عَلْي‎ ʿaly
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					عَالٍ‎ ʿālin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَعْلِيّ‎ maʿliyy
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَلَيْتُ‎ ʿalaytu	عَلَيْتَ‎ ʿalayta	عَلَى ʿalā	عَلَيْتُمَا‎ ʿalaytumā	عَلَيَا‎ ʿalayā	عَلَيْنَا‎ ʿalaynā	عَلَيْتُمْ‎ ʿalaytum	عَلَوْا‎ ʿalaw
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	عَلَيْتُ‎ ʿalaytu	عَلَيْتِ‎ ʿalayti	عَلَتْ‎ ʿalat	عَلَيْتُمَا‎ ʿalaytumā	عَلَتَا‎ ʿalatā	عَلَيْنَا‎ ʿalaynā	عَلَيْتُنَّ‎ ʿalaytunna	عَلَيْنَ‎ ʿalayna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	m	أَعْلِي‎ ʾaʿlī	تَعْلِي‎ taʿlī	يَعْلِي‎ yaʿlī	تَعْلِيَانِ‎ taʿliyāni	يَعْلِيَانِ‎ yaʿliyāni	نَعْلِي‎ naʿlī	تَعْلُونَ‎ taʿlūna	يَعْلُونَ‎ yaʿlūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	f	أَعْلِي‎ ʾaʿlī	تَعْلِينَ‎ taʿlīna	تَعْلِي‎ taʿlī	تَعْلِيَانِ‎ taʿliyāni	تَعْلِيَانِ‎ taʿliyāni	نَعْلِي‎ naʿlī	تَعْلِينَ‎ taʿlīna	يَعْلِينَ‎ yaʿlīna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَعْلِيَ‎ ʾaʿliya	تَعْلِيَ‎ taʿliya	يَعْلِيَ‎ yaʿliya	تَعْلِيَا‎ taʿliyā	يَعْلِيَا‎ yaʿliyā	نَعْلِيَ‎ naʿliya	تَعْلُوا‎ taʿlū	يَعْلُوا‎ yaʿlū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَعْلِيَ‎ ʾaʿliya	تَعْلِي‎ taʿlī	تَعْلِيَ‎ taʿliya	تَعْلِيَا‎ taʿliyā	تَعْلِيَا‎ taʿliyā	نَعْلِيَ‎ naʿliya	تَعْلِينَ‎ taʿlīna	يَعْلِينَ‎ yaʿlīna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَعْلِ‎ ʾaʿli	تَعْلِ‎ taʿli	يَعْلِ‎ yaʿli	تَعْلِيَا‎ taʿliyā	يَعْلِيَا‎ yaʿliyā	نَعْلِ‎ naʿli	تَعْلُوا‎ taʿlū	يَعْلُوا‎ yaʿlū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَعْلِ‎ ʾaʿli	تَعْلِي‎ taʿlī	تَعْلِ‎ taʿli	تَعْلِيَا‎ taʿliyā	تَعْلِيَا‎ taʿliyā	نَعْلِ‎ naʿli	تَعْلِينَ‎ taʿlīna	يَعْلِينَ‎ yaʿlīna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِعْلِ‎ iʿli		اِعْلِيَا‎ iʿliyā			اِعْلُوا‎ iʿlū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِعْلِي‎ iʿlī		اِعْلِيَا‎ iʿliyā			اِعْلِينَ‎ iʿlīna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عُلِيتُ‎ ʿulītu	عُلِيتَ‎ ʿulīta	عُلِيَ‎ ʿuliya	عُلِيتُمَا‎ ʿulītumā	عُلِيَا‎ ʿuliyā	عُلِينَا‎ ʿulīnā	عُلِيتُمْ‎ ʿulītum	عُلُوا‎ ʿulū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	عُلِيتُ‎ ʿulītu	عُلِيتِ‎ ʿulīti	عُلِيَتْ‎ ʿuliyat	عُلِيتُمَا‎ ʿulītumā	عُلِيَتَا‎ ʿuliyatā	عُلِينَا‎ ʿulīnā	عُلِيتُنَّ‎ ʿulītunna	عُلِينَ‎ ʿulīna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	m	أُعْلَى‎ ʾuʿlā	تُعْلَى‎ tuʿlā	يُعْلَى‎ yuʿlā	تُعْلَيَانِ‎ tuʿlayāni	يُعْلَيَانِ‎ yuʿlayāni	نُعْلَى‎ nuʿlā	تُعْلَوْنَ‎ tuʿlawna	يُعْلَوْنَ‎ yuʿlawna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	f	أُعْلَى‎ ʾuʿlā	تُعْلَيْنَ‎ tuʿlayna	تُعْلَى‎ tuʿlā	تُعْلَيَانِ‎ tuʿlayāni	تُعْلَيَانِ‎ tuʿlayāni	نُعْلَى‎ nuʿlā	تُعْلَيْنَ‎ tuʿlayna	يُعْلَيْنَ‎ yuʿlayna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعْلَى‎ ʾuʿlā	تُعْلَى‎ tuʿlā	يُعْلَى‎ yuʿlā	تُعْلَيَا‎ tuʿlayā	يُعْلَيَا‎ yuʿlayā	نُعْلَى‎ nuʿlā	تُعْلَوْا‎ tuʿlaw	يُعْلَوْا‎ yuʿlaw
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُعْلَى‎ ʾuʿlā	تُعْلَيْ‎ tuʿlay	تُعْلَى‎ tuʿlā	تُعْلَيَا‎ tuʿlayā	تُعْلَيَا‎ tuʿlayā	نُعْلَى‎ nuʿlā	تُعْلَيْنَ‎ tuʿlayna	يُعْلَيْنَ‎ yuʿlayna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعْلَ‎ ʾuʿla	تُعْلَ‎ tuʿla	يُعْلَ‎ yuʿla	تُعْلَيَا‎ tuʿlayā	يُعْلَيَا‎ yuʿlayā	نُعْلَ‎ nuʿla	تُعْلَوْا‎ tuʿlaw	يُعْلَوْا‎ yuʿlaw
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُعْلَ‎ ʾuʿla	تُعْلَيْ‎ tuʿlay	تُعْلَ‎ tuʿla	تُعْلَيَا‎ tuʿlayā	تُعْلَيَا‎ tuʿlayā	نُعْلَ‎ nuʿla	تُعْلَيْنَ‎ tuʿlayna	يُعْلَيْنَ‎ yuʿlayna

Etymology 3

Morphologically from the root ع ل ي‎ (ʿ-l-y).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕu.lan/

Adjective

عُلًى • (ʿulan) f pl

feminine plural of أَعْلَى‎ (ʾaʿlā)

References

Freytag, Georg (1835), “على”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 215–216
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “على”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 353–356
Wehr, Hans (1979), “على”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Egyptian Arabic

Preposition

على • (ʿalā)

on

Inflection

Inflected forms

Personal-pronoun- including forms	Singular		Plural
Base form				على (ʕalā)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
First person	عليّ (ʕalayya)		علينا (ʕaleena)
Second person	عليك (ʕaleek)	عليك (ʕaleeki)	عليكوا (ʕaleeko)
Third person	عليه (ʕaleeh)	عليها (ʕaleeha)	عليهم (ʕaleehom)

Synonyms

ع‎

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