пелемс
Moksha
Etymology
Ultimately from Proto-Uralic *pele-. Cognates include Finnish pelätä, Northern Sami ballat, Hungarian fél.[1]
Veršinin is unsure whether development from пяль (pjalʹ, “half; side”) is possible, he wonders if the meaning could have changed from "side" to "step aside; avoid; fear."[2]
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pʲelʲəms/
Verb
пелемс • (pelems)
- (intransitive) to fear, to be afraid
- O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
- Мон пелян
- Mon peljan
- I am afraid
- Монга аф пелян Тяштеняцень эзда
- Monga af peljan Tjaštenjacenʹ ezda
- I too am not afraid of the Little Star [name of a cow in a short story]
- Нолась пели сталмода, кода калмода
- Nolasʹ peli stalmoda, koda kalmoda
- The lazy fears difficulty/challenge like [he fears the] grave
- O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
Usage notes
The presumable object of the verb (i.e., the source of the fear) is put in ablative (-да (-da, “from”)), alternatively the postposition эзда (ezda, “from”) is used.
Conjugation
Subjective conjugation of пелемс
| Present / future | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular — мон (mon) | пелян (peljan) | |
| 2nd singular — тон (ton) | пелят (peljat) | |
| 3rd singular — сон (son) | пели (peli) | |
| 1st plural — минь (minʹ) | пельхтяма (pelʹxtjama) | |
| 2nd plural — тинь (tinʹ) | пельхтяда (pelʹxtjada) | |
| 3rd plural — синь (sinʹ) | пелихть (pelixtʹ) | |
| Past I | ||
| 1st singular — мон (mon) | пелень (pelenʹ) | |
| 2nd singular — тон (ton) | пелеть (peletʹ) | |
| 3rd singular — сон (son) | пельсь (pelʹsʹ) | |
| 1st plural — минь (minʹ) | пелеме (peleme) | |
| 2nd plural — тинь (tinʹ) | пеледе (pelede) | |
| 3rd plural — синь (sinʹ) | пельсть (pelʹstʹ) | |
| Compound future | ||
| 1st singular — мон (mon) | карман пелема (karman pelema) | |
| 2nd singular — тон (ton) | кармат пелема (karmat pelema) | |
| 3rd singular — сон (son) | кармай пелема (karmaj pelema) | |
| 1st plural — минь (minʹ) | карматама пелема (karmatama pelema) | |
| 2nd plural — тинь (tinʹ) | карматада пелема (karmatada pelema) | |
| 3rd plural — синь (sinʹ) | кармайхть пелема (karmajxtʹ pelema) | |
| Imperative | ||
| 2nd singular — тон (ton) | пельхть (pelʹxtʹ) | |
| 2nd plural — тинь (tinʹ) | пеледа (peleda) | |
| Non-finite forms | ||
| verbal noun | пелема (pelema) | |
| past passive participle | — | |
| agentive / pres. act. part. | пели (peli) | |
| present passive participle | — | |
Subjective conjugation in other moods is possible.
Objective conjugation is possible for transitive verbs, see, for example, кундамс (kundams).
Objective conjugation is possible for transitive verbs, see, for example, кундамс (kundams).
References
- Entry #739 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
- Veršinin, V. I. (2004–2005) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ mordovskix (erzjanskovo i mokšanskovo) jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Mordvinic (Erzya and Moksha) languages] (in Russian), Joškar Ola, page 342
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