κωλύω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Possibly a Pre-Greek word.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kɔː.ly̌ː.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /koˈly.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /koˈly.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /koˈly.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /koˈli.o/
Verb
κωλῡ́ω • (kōlū́ō)
Usage notes
The other verbs of preventing usually take μή (mḗ) before the infinitive, but this is not the case with κωλύω (kōlúō).
Inflection
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κωλῡ́ω | κωλῡ́εις | κωλῡ́ει | κωλῡ́ετον | κωλῡ́ετον | κωλῡ́ομεν | κωλῡ́ετε | κωλῡ́ουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | κωλῡ́ω | κωλῡ́ῃς | κωλῡ́ῃ | κωλῡ́ητον | κωλῡ́ητον | κωλῡ́ωμεν | κωλῡ́ητε | κωλῡ́ωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κωλῡ́οιμῐ | κωλῡ́οις | κωλῡ́οι | κωλῡ́οιτον | κωλῡοίτην | κωλῡ́οιμεν | κωλῡ́οιτε | κωλῡ́οιεν | |||||
imperative | κώλῡε | κωλῡέτω | κωλῡ́ετον | κωλῡέτων | κωλῡ́ετε | κωλῡόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | κωλῡ́ομαι | κωλῡ́ῃ, κωλῡ́ει |
κωλῡ́εται | κωλῡ́εσθον | κωλῡ́εσθον | κωλῡόμεθᾰ | κωλῡ́εσθε | κωλῡ́ονται | ||||
subjunctive | κωλῡ́ωμαι | κωλῡ́ῃ | κωλῡ́ηται | κωλῡ́ησθον | κωλῡ́ησθον | κωλῡώμεθᾰ | κωλῡ́ησθε | κωλῡ́ωνται | |||||
optative | κωλῡοίμην | κωλῡ́οιο | κωλῡ́οιτο | κωλῡ́οισθον | κωλῡοίσθην | κωλῡοίμεθᾰ | κωλῡ́οισθε | κωλῡ́οιντο | |||||
imperative | κωλῡ́ου | κωλῡέσθω | κωλῡ́εσθον | κωλῡέσθων | κωλῡ́εσθε | κωλῡέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | κωλῡ́ειν | κωλῡ́εσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | κωλῡ́ων | κωλῡόμενος | ||||||||||
f | κωλῡ́ουσᾰ | κωλῡομένη | |||||||||||
n | κωλῦον | κωλῡόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἐκώλῡον, ἐκωλῡόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐκώλῡον | ἐκώλῡες | ἐκώλῡε(ν) | ἐκωλῡ́ετον | ἐκωλῡέτην | ἐκωλῡ́ομεν | ἐκωλῡ́ετε | ἐκώλῡον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκωλῡόμην | ἐκωλῡ́ου | ἐκωλῡ́ετο | ἐκωλῡ́εσθον | ἐκωλῡέσθην | ἐκωλῡόμεθᾰ | ἐκωλῡ́εσθε | ἐκωλῡ́οντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: κωλῡ́σω, κωλῡ́σομαι, κωλῡθήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κωλῡ́σω | κωλῡ́σεις | κωλῡ́σει | κωλῡ́σετον | κωλῡ́σετον | κωλῡ́σομεν | κωλῡ́σετε | κωλῡ́σουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | κωλῡ́σοιμῐ | κωλῡ́σοις | κωλῡ́σοι | κωλῡ́σοιτον | κωλῡσοίτην | κωλῡ́σοιμεν | κωλῡ́σοιτε | κωλῡ́σοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | κωλῡ́σομαι | κωλῡ́σῃ, κωλῡ́σει |
κωλῡ́σεται | κωλῡ́σεσθον | κωλῡ́σεσθον | κωλῡσόμεθᾰ | κωλῡ́σεσθε | κωλῡ́σονται | ||||
optative | κωλῡσοίμην | κωλῡ́σοιο | κωλῡ́σοιτο | κωλῡ́σοισθον | κωλῡσοίσθην | κωλῡσοίμεθᾰ | κωλῡ́σοισθε | κωλῡ́σοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | κωλῡθήσομαι | κωλῡθήσῃ | κωλῡθήσεται | κωλῡθήσεσθον | κωλῡθήσεσθον | κωλῡθησόμεθᾰ | κωλῡθήσεσθε | κωλῡθήσονται | ||||
optative | κωλῡθησοίμην | κωλῡθήσοιο | κωλῡθήσοιτο | κωλῡθήσοισθον | κωλῡθησοίσθην | κωλῡθησοίμεθᾰ | κωλῡθήσοισθε | κωλῡθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | κωλῡ́σειν | κωλῡ́σεσθαι | κωλῡθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | κωλῡ́σων | κωλῡσόμενος | κωλῡθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | κωλῡ́σουσᾰ | κωλῡσομένη | κωλῡθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | κωλῦσον | κωλῡσόμενον | κωλῡθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐκώλῡσᾰ | ἐκώλῡσᾰς | ἐκώλῡσε(ν) | ἐκωλῡ́σᾰτον | ἐκωλῡσᾰ́την | ἐκωλῡ́σᾰμεν | ἐκωλῡ́σᾰτε | ἐκώλῡσᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | κωλῡ́σω | κωλῡ́σῃς | κωλῡ́σῃ | κωλῡ́σητον | κωλῡ́σητον | κωλῡ́σωμεν | κωλῡ́σητε | κωλῡ́σωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κωλῡ́σαιμῐ | κωλῡ́σειᾰς, κωλῡ́σαις |
κωλῡ́σειε(ν), κωλῡ́σαι |
κωλῡ́σαιτον | κωλῡσαίτην | κωλῡ́σαιμεν | κωλῡ́σαιτε | κωλῡ́σειᾰν, κωλῡ́σαιεν | |||||
imperative | κώλῡσον | κωλῡσᾰ́τω | κωλῡ́σᾰτον | κωλῡσᾰ́των | κωλῡ́σᾰτε | κωλῡσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐκωλῡσᾰ́μην | ἐκωλῡ́σω | ἐκωλῡ́σᾰτο | ἐκωλῡ́σᾰσθον | ἐκωλῡσᾰ́σθην | ἐκωλῡσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐκωλῡ́σᾰσθε | ἐκωλῡ́σᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | κωλῡ́σωμαι | κωλῡ́σῃ | κωλῡ́σηται | κωλῡ́σησθον | κωλῡ́σησθον | κωλῡσώμεθᾰ | κωλῡ́σησθε | κωλῡ́σωνται | |||||
optative | κωλῡσαίμην | κωλῡ́σαιο | κωλῡ́σαιτο | κωλῡ́σαισθον | κωλῡσαίσθην | κωλῡσαίμεθᾰ | κωλῡ́σαισθε | κωλῡ́σαιντο | |||||
imperative | κώλῡσαι | κωλῡσᾰ́σθω | κωλῡ́σᾰσθον | κωλῡσᾰ́σθων | κωλῡ́σᾰσθε | κωλῡσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
passive | indicative | ἐκωλῡ́θην | ἐκωλῡ́θης | ἐκωλῡ́θη | ἐκωλῡ́θητον | ἐκωλῡθήτην | ἐκωλῡ́θημεν | ἐκωλῡ́θητε | ἐκωλῡ́θησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | κωλῡθῶ | κωλῡθῇς | κωλῡθῇ | κωλῡθῆτον | κωλῡθῆτον | κωλῡθῶμεν | κωλῡθῆτε | κωλῡθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κωλῡθείην | κωλῡθείης | κωλῡθείη | κωλῡθεῖτον, κωλῡθείητον |
κωλῡθείτην, κωλῡθειήτην |
κωλῡθεῖμεν, κωλῡθείημεν |
κωλῡθεῖτε, κωλῡθείητε |
κωλῡθεῖεν, κωλῡθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | κωλῡ́θητῐ | κωλῡθήτω | κωλῡ́θητον | κωλῡθήτων | κωλῡ́θητε | κωλῡθέντων | |||||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | κωλῦσαι | κωλῡ́σᾰσθαι | κωλῡθῆναι | ||||||||||
participle | m | κωλῡ́σᾱς | κωλῡσᾰ́μενος | κωλῡθείς | |||||||||
f | κωλῡ́σᾱσᾰ | κωλῡσᾰμένη | κωλῡθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
n | κωλῦσᾰν | κωλῡσᾰ́μενον | κωλῡθέν | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: κεκώλῡκᾰ, κεκώλῡμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κεκώλῡκᾰ | κεκώλῡκᾰς | κεκώλῡκε(ν) | κεκωλῡ́κᾰτον | κεκωλῡ́κᾰτον | κεκωλῡ́κᾰμεν | κεκωλῡ́κᾰτε | κεκωλῡ́κᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | κεκωλῡ́κω | κεκωλῡ́κῃς | κεκωλῡ́κῃ | κεκωλῡ́κητον | κεκωλῡ́κητον | κεκωλῡ́κωμεν | κεκωλῡ́κητε | κεκωλῡ́κωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κεκωλῡ́κοιμῐ, κεκωλῡκοίην |
κεκωλῡ́κοις, κεκωλῡκοίης |
κεκωλῡ́κοι, κεκωλῡκοίη |
κεκωλῡ́κοιτον | κεκωλῡκοίτην | κεκωλῡ́κοιμεν | κεκωλῡ́κοιτε | κεκωλῡ́κοιεν | |||||
imperative | κεκώλῡκε | κεκωλῡκέτω | κεκωλῡ́κετον | κεκωλῡκέτων | κεκωλῡ́κετε | κεκωλῡκόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | κεκώλῡμαι | κεκώλῡσαι | κεκώλῡται | κεκώλῡσθον | κεκώλῡσθον | κεκωλῡ́μεθᾰ | κεκώλῡσθε | κεκώλῡνται | ||||
subjunctive | κεκωλῡμένος ὦ | κεκωλῡμένος ᾖς | κεκωλῡμένος ᾖ | κεκωλῡμένω ἦτον | κεκωλῡμένω ἦτον | κεκωλῡμένοι ὦμεν | κεκωλῡμένοι ἦτε | κεκωλῡμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κεκωλῡμένος εἴην | κεκωλῡμένος εἴης | κεκωλῡμένος εἴη | κεκωλῡμένοι εἴητον/εἶτον | κεκωλῡμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | κεκωλῡμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | κεκωλῡμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | κεκωλῡμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | κεκώλῡσο | κεκωλῡ́σθω | κεκώλῡσθον | κεκωλῡ́σθων | κεκώλῡσθε | κεκωλῡ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | κεκωλῡκέναι | κεκωλῦσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | κεκωλῡκώς | κεκωλῡμένος | ||||||||||
f | κεκωλῡκυῖᾰ | κεκωλῡμένη | |||||||||||
n | κεκωλῡκός | κεκωλῡμένον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
- ἀντικωλύω (antikōlúō)
- ἀποκωλύω (apokōlúō)
- διακωλύω (diakōlúō)
- ἐγκωλύω (enkōlúō)
- ἐπικωλύω (epikōlúō)
- κατακωλύω (katakōlúō)
- συγκωλύω (sunkōlúō)
Related terms
- κώλυμα (kṓluma)
- κωλύμη (kōlúmē)
- κώλυσις (kṓlusis)
- κωλυτέον (kōlutéon)
- κωλυτήρ (kōlutḗr)
- κωλυτήριος (kōlutḗrios)
- κωλυτής (kōlutḗs)
- κωλυτικός (kōlutikós)
- κωλυτός (kōlutós)
References
- κωλύω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- κωλύω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- κωλύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- κωλύω in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2967 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek κωλύω of unknown etymon. Possibly related to the ancient κολούω (koloúō, “curtail, cut short”) or to *κῶλ-ος ("peg").[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /koˈli.o/
- Hyphenation: κω‧λύ‧ω
Verb
κωλύω • (kolýo) (simple past κώλυσα, passive κωλύομαι) found chiefly in the present and imperfect tenses
- prevent by putting an obstacle, hinder, preclude
- (usually in the passive) I am unable to
- Κωλύομαι, δεν μπορώ να σου πω τι συνέβη. Του υποσχέθηκα ότι θα το κρατήσω μυστικό.
- Kolýomai, den boró na sou po ti synévi. Tou yposchéthika óti tha to kratíso mystikó.
- I am hindered, I cannot tell you what happened. I promised him I will keep it a secret.
- (perfective tenses: for legal expressions)
- Η διάταξη αυτή κωλύει την εφαρμογή της εθνικής ρυθμίσεως.
- I diátaxi aftí kolýei tin efarmogí tis ethnikís rythmíseos.
- That rule precludes the application of national legislation. (eur‑lex, 1993)
- Kωλύθηκε για λόγους υγείας. ― Kolýthike gia lógous ygeías. ― s/he was prevented because of health (problems) (Government Gazette 180/2015)
Usage notes
Past tenses: active κώλυσα and passive κωλύθηκα are mostly found in the compound and synonym παρακωλύω, in legal expressions and in old texts.
- Very frequent misspellings of κόλλησα (kóllisa) and κολλήθηκα (kollíthika) of verb κολλάω, κολλώ (kolláo, kolló, “glue, stick”).
- Το αυτοκίνητο κόλλησε στη λάσπη. ― To aftokínito kóllise sti láspi. ― The car stuck in the mud.
- Η αφίσα κολλήθηκε στον τοίχο. ― I afísa kollíthike ston toícho. ― The poster was stuck on the wall.
Conjugation
κωλύω κωλύομαι
Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
1 sg | κωλύω | κωλύσω1 | κωλύομαι | κωλυθώ1 |
2 sg | κωλύεις | κωλύσεις | κωλύεσαι | κωλυθείς |
3 sg | κωλύει | κωλύσει | κωλύεται | κωλυθεί |
1 pl | κωλύουμε, [‑ομε] | κωλύσουμε, [‑ομε] | κωλυόμαστε, {κωλυόμεθα} | κωλυθούμε |
2 pl | κωλύετε | κωλύσετε | κωλύεστε, {κωλύεσθε}, [κωλυόσαστε] | κωλυθείτε |
3 pl | κωλύουν[ε] | κωλύσουν[ε] | κωλύονται | κωλυθούν[ε] |
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
1 sg | κώλυα | κώλυσα1 | κωλυόμουν[α] | κωλύθηκα1 |
2 sg | κώλυες | κώλυσες | κωλυόσουν[α] | κωλύθηκες |
3 sg | κώλυε | κώλυσε | κωλυόταν[ε] | κωλύθηκε |
1 pl | κωλύαμε | κωλύσαμε | κωλυόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | κωλυθήκαμε |
2 pl | κωλύατε | κωλύσατε | κωλυόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | κωλυθήκατε |
3 pl | κώλυαν, [κωλύαν(ε)] | κώλυσαν, [κωλύσαν(ε)] | κωλύονταν, [κωλυόντουσαν] | κωλύθηκαν, [κωλυθήκαν(ε)] |
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
1 sg | θα κωλύω ➤ | θα κωλύσω ➤ | θα κωλύομαι ➤ | θα κωλυθώ ➤ |
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα κωλύεις, … | θα κωλύσεις, … | θα κωλύεσαι, … | θα κωλυθείς, … |
Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … κωλύσει | έχω, έχεις, … κωλυθεί | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … κωλύσει | είχα, είχες, … κωλυθεί | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … κωλύσει | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … κωλυθεί | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας, όταν, …). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
2 sg | κώλυε | κώλυσε | — | κωλύσου |
2 pl | κωλύετε | κωλύστε | κωλύεστε | κωλυθείτε |
Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
Present participle➤ | κωλύοντας ➤ | κωλυόμενος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας κωλύσει ➤ | — | ||
Nonfinite form➤ | κωλύσει | κωλυθεί | ||
Notes | 1. Past tenses, are found in the compound παρακωλύω, in legal expressions and in old texts. • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Synonyms
- παρακωλύω (parakolýo)
- παρεμποδίζω (parempodízo), εμποδίζω (empodízo)
Related terms
- ακώλυτος (akólytos, “unhindered”)
- απαρακώλυτος (aparakólytos, “unhindered”)
- κώλυμα n (kólyma, “hindrance”)
- κωλυόμενος (kolyómenos, “being hindered”, participle)
- κωλυσιεργία f (kolysiergía)
- κωλυσιεργώ (kolysiergó, “prevent by prolonging”)
- παρακώλυση f (parakólysi, “hindrance”)
- παρακωλύω (parakolýo, “hinder”)
References
- Babiniotis, Georgios (2010), “κωλύω”, in Etymologikó lexikó tis néas ellinikís glóssas [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek] (in Greek), Athens: Lexicology Centre
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