peser

French

Etymology

From Middle French peser, from Old French peser, from Vulgar Latin *pēsāre, from Classical Latin pēnsāre, present active indicative of pēnsō. Compare also penser, a borrowed doublet.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pə.ze/
  • Audio (France, Paris)(file)
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Homophones: pesai, pesé, pesée, pesées, pesés

Verb

peser

  1. (intransitive) to weigh (to have a weight of)
    Je pèse 80 kilos
    I weigh 80 kilos
  2. (transitive) To weigh (to see how much something weighs)
    Il faut peser les abricots
    You must weigh the apricots

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated mostly like the regular -er verbs (parler and chanter and so on), but the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-. For example, in the third-person singular present indicative, we have il pèse rather than *il pese. Other verbs conjugated this way include lever and mener. Related but distinct conjugations include those of appeler and préférer.

Conjugation of peser (see also Appendix:French verbs)
present participle pesant
/pə.zɑ̃/
past participle pesé
/pə.ze/
infinitive
simple peser
compound avoir + past participle
gerund1
simple pesant
/pə.zɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present pèse
/pɛz/		 pèses
/pɛz/		 pèse
/pɛz/		 pesons
/pə.zɔ̃/		 pesez
/pə.ze/		 pèsent
/pɛz/
imperfect pesais
/pə.zɛ/		 pesais
/pə.zɛ/		 pesait
/pə.zɛ/		 pesions
/pə.zjɔ̃/		 pesiez
/pə.zje/		 pesaient
/pə.zɛ/
past historic2 pesai
/pə.ze/		 pesas
/pə.za/		 pesa
/pə.za/		 pesâmes
/pə.zam/		 pesâtes
/pə.zat/		 pesèrent
/pə.zɛʁ/
future pèserai
/pɛz.ʁe/		 pèseras
/pɛz.ʁa/		 pèsera
/pɛz.ʁa/		 pèserons
/pɛz.ʁɔ̃/		 pèserez
/pɛz.ʁe/		 pèseront
/pɛz.ʁɔ̃/
conditional pèserais
/pɛz.ʁɛ/		 pèserais
/pɛz.ʁɛ/		 pèserait
/pɛz.ʁɛ/		 pèserions
/pɛ.zə.ʁjɔ̃/		 pèseriez
/pɛ.zə.ʁje/		 pèseraient
/pɛz.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present pèse
/pɛz/		 pèses
/pɛz/		 pèse
/pɛz/		 pesions
/pə.zjɔ̃/		 pesiez
/pə.zje/		 pèsent
/pɛz/
imperfect2 pesasse
/pə.zas/		 pesasses
/pə.zas/		 pesât
/pə.za/		 pesassions
/pə.za.sjɔ̃/		 pesassiez
/pə.za.sje/		 pesassent
/pə.zas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — pèse
/pɛz/		 — pesons
/pə.zɔ̃/		 pesez
/pə.ze/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 Only usable with preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

See also

Further reading

Anagrams

Middle French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old French peser, see below.

Verb

peser

  1. (transitive) to weigh (ascertain the weight of)
  2. (intransitive) to weigh (have a given weight)

Conjugation
  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
   Conjugation of peser
simple compound
infinitive peser avoir pesé
gerund en pesant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle pesant
past participle pesé
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (may be i' before a vowel) tu il nous vous ilz, elles
simple
tenses		 present pese peses pese pesons pesez pesent
imperfect pesois, pesoys pesois, pesoys pesoit, pesoyt pesions, pesyons pesiez, pesyez pesoient, pesoyent
past historic pesa pesas pesa pesasmes pesastes peserent
future peserai, peseray peseras pesera peserons peserez peseront
conditional peserois, peseroys peserois, peseroys peseroit, peseroyt peserions, peseryons peseriez, peseryez peseroient, peseroyent
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que ie que tu qu'il que nous que vous qu'ilz, qu'elles
simple
tenses		 present pese peses pese pesons pesez pesent
imperfect pesasse pesasses pesast pesassions pesassiez pesassent
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
— pese — pesons pesez —

Derived terms

Descendants

References
  • peser on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330-1500) (in French)
  • Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (peser, supplement)

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From the Vulgar Latin *pēsāre, from Classical Latin pēnsāre, present active indicative of pēnsō. Compare also the borrowing penser.

Verb

peser

  1. to weigh (have a certain weight)
  2. (figuratively) to be a burden or a worry

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ss, *-st are modified to s, st. This verb has a stressed present stem pois distinct from the unstressed stem pes. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of peser (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive peser avoir pesé
gerund en pesant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle pesant
past participle pesé
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present pois poises poise pesons pesez poisent
imperfect pesoie, peseie, pesoe, peseve pesoies, peseies, pesoes, peseves pesoit, peseit, pesot, peseve pesiiens, pesiens pesiiez, pesiez pesoient, peseient, pesoent, pesevent
preterite pesai pesas pesa pesames pesastes peserent
future peserai peseras pesera peserons peseroiz, pesereiz, peserez peseront
conditional peseroie, pesereie peseroies, pesereies peseroit, pesereit peseriiens, peseriens peseriiez, peseriez peseroient, pesereient
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present pois pois poist pesons pesez poisent
imperfect pesasse pesasses pesast pesissons, pesissiens pesissoiz, pesissez, pesissiez pesassent
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— poise — pesons pesez —

Descendants
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