mener
French
Etymology
From Old French mener, from Vulgar Latin *minō, *mināre, reformed from Classical Latin deponent minor (“threaten”). Sense development via "goad, drive animals".
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mə.ne/
audio (file)
Verb
mener
- (transitive) to lead, to take
- Le bus va nous mener au château.
- The bus will lead us to the castle.
- to lead, to run, to take charge
- Louis va mener ce cours.
- Louis will lead this lesson.
- to lead, to be leading, to be in the lead
- L'équipe bleue mène 2 à 0.
- The blue team is leading 2–0.
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated mostly like the regular -er verbs (parler and chanter and so on), but the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-. For example, in the third-person singular present indicative, we have il mène rather than *il mene. Other verbs conjugated this way include lever and acheter. Related but distinct conjugations include those of appeler and préférer.
Conjugation of mener (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | menant /mə.nɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | mené /mə.ne/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | mener | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | menant /mə.nɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | mène /mɛn/ |
mènes /mɛn/ |
mène /mɛn/ |
menons /mə.nɔ̃/ |
menez /mə.ne/ |
mènent /mɛn/ |
| imperfect | menais /mə.nɛ/ |
menais /mə.nɛ/ |
menait /mə.nɛ/ |
menions /mə.njɔ̃/ |
meniez /mə.nje/ |
menaient /mə.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | menai /mə.ne/ |
menas /mə.na/ |
mena /mə.na/ |
menâmes /mə.nam/ |
menâtes /mə.nat/ |
menèrent /mə.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | mènerai /mɛn.ʁe/ |
mèneras /mɛn.ʁa/ |
mènera /mɛn.ʁa/ |
mènerons /mɛn.ʁɔ̃/ |
mènerez /mɛn.ʁe/ |
mèneront /mɛn.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | mènerais /mɛn.ʁɛ/ |
mènerais /mɛn.ʁɛ/ |
mènerait /mɛn.ʁɛ/ |
mènerions /mɛ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
mèneriez /mɛ.nə.ʁje/ |
mèneraient /mɛn.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | mène /mɛn/ |
mènes /mɛn/ |
mène /mɛn/ |
menions /mə.njɔ̃/ |
meniez /mə.nje/ |
mènent /mɛn/ |
| imperfect2 | menasse /mə.nas/ |
menasses /mə.nas/ |
menât /mə.na/ |
menassions /mə.na.sjɔ̃/ |
menassiez /mə.na.sje/ |
menassent /mə.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | mène /mɛn/ |
— | menons /mə.nɔ̃/ |
menez /mə.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Antonyms
Further reading
- “mener” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Ladin
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *mināre, from Latin minārī, present active infinitive of minor.
Conjugation
- Ladin conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of mener (first conjugation, irregular)
| infinitive | mener, mené | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| auxiliary verb | avei | gerund | menan | |||
| past participle | mené | |||||
| person | singular | plural | ||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| indicative | ie | tu | el / ela | nos | vos | ei / eles |
| present | meine, meineie | meines, meineis | meina, meineia, menea | menon | meneis | meina, meineia |
| imperfect | menove | menoves | menova | menovan | menovais | menova |
| future | menaré | menaras | menarà | menaron | menareis | menarà |
| subjunctive | che ie | che tu | che el / ela | che nos | che vos | che ei / eles |
| present | meine, meineie | meines, meineis | meine, meineie | menon | meneis | meine |
| imperfect | menasse | menasses | menassa | menassan | menassais | menassa |
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – |
| — | meina, meineia | — | menon | menede | — | |
Norman
Norwegian Bokmål
Old French
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *mināre, from Latin minārī, present active infinitive of minor.
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. It has two stems, a unstressed one in -men- that appears in most forms and a stressed one in -mein- (also -main-) that appears in parts of the present indicative, subjunctive and imperative. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of mener (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | mener | avoir mené | |||||
| gerund | en menant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | menant | ||||||
| past participle | mené | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | mein, main | meines, maines | meine, maine | menons | menez | meinent, mainent |
| imperfect | menoie, meneie, menoe, meneve | menoies, meneies, menoes, meneves | menoit, meneit, menot, meneve | meniiens, meniens | meniiez, meniez | menoient, meneient, menoent, menevent | |
| preterite | menai | menas | mena | menames | menastes | menerent | |
| future | menerai | meneras | menera | menerons | meneroiz, menereiz, menerez | meneront | |
| conditional | meneroie, menereie | meneroies, menereies | meneroit, menereit | meneriiens, meneriens | meneriiez, meneriez | meneroient, menereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | mein, main | meins, mains | meint, maint | menons | menez | meinent, mainent |
| imperfect | menasse | menasses | menast | menissons, menissiens | menissoiz, menissez, menissiez | menassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | meine, maine | — | menons | menez | — | ||
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