parler
French
Etymology
From Middle French parler (“to speak or talk”), from Old French parler (“to talk; to speak”), from Late Latin parabolō, from Latin parabola (“comparison”), from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ), from παραβάλλω (parabállō, “to compare”), from παρά (pará, “beside”) + βάλλω (bállō, “to throw”).
See cognates in regional languages in France : Norman pâlaer, Gallo paslaer, Picard parler, Bourguignon pairôlai, Franco-Provençal parlar, Occitan parla, Corsican parlà.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /paʁ.le/
audio (file) - Rhymes: -e
Verb
parler
- (intransitive) to speak or talk
- Il a commencé à parler à l’âge de quatre ans.
- He began to speak at the age of four.
- Ils ont parlé plusieurs heures avant d’aller se coucher.
- They spoke several hours before going to sleep.
- (transitive) to be able to communicate in a language; to speak
- Elle parle couramment français. - She speaks French fluently
- (heraldry) to cant; (of a coat of arms) to make a pun of its bearer's name
- Armes parlantes.
Conjugation
present participle | parlant /paʁ.lɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | parlé /paʁ.le/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | parler | ||||||
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | parlant /paʁ.lɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | parle /paʁl/ |
parles /paʁl/ |
parle /paʁl/ |
parlons /paʁ.lɔ̃/ |
parlez /paʁ.le/ |
parlent /paʁl/ |
imperfect | parlais /paʁ.lɛ/ |
parlais /paʁ.lɛ/ |
parlait /paʁ.lɛ/ |
parlions /paʁ.ljɔ̃/ |
parliez /paʁ.lje/ |
parlaient /paʁ.lɛ/ | |
past historic2 | parlai /paʁ.le/ |
parlas /paʁ.la/ |
parla /paʁ.la/ |
parlâmes /paʁ.lam/ |
parlâtes /paʁ.lat/ |
parlèrent /paʁ.lɛʁ/ | |
future | parlerai /paʁ.lə.ʁe/ |
parleras /paʁ.lə.ʁa/ |
parlera /paʁ.lə.ʁa/ |
parlerons /paʁ.lə.ʁɔ̃/ |
parlerez /paʁ.lə.ʁe/ |
parleront /paʁ.lə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | parlerais /paʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ |
parlerais /paʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ |
parlerait /paʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ |
parlerions /paʁ.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
parleriez /paʁ.lə.ʁje/ |
parleraient /paʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | parle /paʁl/ |
parles /paʁl/ |
parle /paʁl/ |
parlions /paʁ.ljɔ̃/ |
parliez /paʁ.lje/ |
parlent /paʁl/ |
imperfect2 | parlasse /paʁ.las/ |
parlasses /paʁ.las/ |
parlât /paʁ.la/ |
parlassions /paʁ.la.sjɔ̃/ |
parlassiez /paʁ.la.sje/ |
parlassent /paʁ.las/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | parle /paʁl/ |
— | parlons /paʁ.lɔ̃/ |
parlez /paʁ.le/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Descendants
- → English: parlay
Further reading
- “parler” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French parler (“to talk; to speak”), from Late Latin parabolō, from Latin parabola (“comparison”), from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ), from παρά (pará, “beside”) with βολή (bolḗ, “throwing”).
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | parler | avoir parlé | |||||
gerund | en parlant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | parlant | ||||||
past participle | parlé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (may be i' before a vowel) | tu | il | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
simple tenses |
present | parle | parles | parle | parlons | parlez | parlent |
imperfect | parlois, parloys | parlois, parloys | parloit, parloyt | parlions, parlyons | parliez, parlyez | parloient, parloyent | |
past historic | parla | parlas | parla | parlasmes | parlastes | parlerent | |
future | parlerai, parleray | parleras | parlera | parlerons | parlerez | parleront | |
conditional | parlerois, parleroys | parlerois, parleroys | parleroit, parleroyt | parlerions, parleryons | parleriez, parleryez | parleroient, parleroyent | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie | que tu | qu'il | que nous | que vous | qu'ilz, qu'elles | |
simple tenses |
present | parle | parles | parle | parlons | parlez | parlent |
imperfect | parlasse | parlasses | parlast | parlassions | parlassiez | parlassent | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
— | parle | — | parlons | parlez | — |
Old French
Etymology
From Late Latin parabolō, from Latin parabola (“comparison”), from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ) with βολή (bolḗ, “throwing”).
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ols, *-olt are modified to ous, out. This verb has a stressed present stem parol distinct from the unstressed stem parl. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | parler | avoir parlé | |||||
gerund | en parlant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | parlant | ||||||
past participle | parlé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | parol | paroles | parole | parlons | parlez | parolent |
imperfect | parloie, parleie, parloe, parleve | parloies, parleies, parloes, parleves | parloit, parleit, parlot, parleve | parliiens, parliens | parliiez, parliez | parloient, parleient, parloent, parlevent | |
preterite | parlai | parlas | parla | parlames | parlastes | parlerent | |
future | parlerai | parleras | parlera | parlerons | parleroiz, parlereiz, parlerez | parleront | |
conditional | parleroie, parlereie | parleroies, parlereies | parleroit, parlereit | parleriiens, parleriens | parleriiez, parleriez | parleroient, parlereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | parol | parous | parout | parlons | parlez | parolent |
imperfect | parlasse | parlasses | parlast | parlissons, parlissiens | parlissoiz, parlissez, parlissiez | parlassent | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | parole | — | parlons | parlez | — |