geal

English

Etymology

From Middle English gelen, from Old French geler, from Latin gelare, from gelu. See gelid.

Verb

geal (third-person singular simple present geals, present participle gealing, simple past and past participle gealed)

  1. (obsolete or Scotland) to congeal

Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for geal in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.)

Anagrams

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish gel, from Proto-Celtic *gelos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₂- (“to shine”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɟalˠ/

Noun

geal m (genitive singular gil)

  1. white, bright(ness)

Declension
Declension of geal

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative geal
Vocative a ghil
Genitive gil
Dative geal

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular
Nominative an geal
Genitive an ghil
Dative leis an ngeal

don gheal

Adjective

geal (genitive singular masculine gil, genitive singular feminine gile, plural geala, comparative gile)

  1. white, bright
    • 2015, Proinsias Mac a' Bhaird, transl., Maura McHugh, editor, Amhrán na Mara (fiction), Cartoon Saloon; Coiscéim, translation of Song of the Sea by Will Collins, →ISBN:
      Thuas i dteach an tsolais, faoi réaltaí geala, canann Bronach Amhrán na Mara dá mac Ben atá cúig bliana d'aois.
      Up in the lighthouse, under twinkling stars, Bronach sings the Song of the Sea to her five-year-old son, Ben.
  2. clear
    Tá a craiceann chomh geal le sneachta.
    Her skin is as white as snow.
  3. (literary) fallow
  4. (figuratively) bright, pure; glad, happy; dear, beloved, fond

Declension
Declension of geal
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative geal gheal geala;
gheala²
Vocative ghil geala
Genitive geale geala geal
Dative geal;
gheal¹		 gheal;
ghil (archaic)		 geala;
gheala²
Comparative níos geale
Superlative is geale

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms
  • aongheal (“all-bright”, adjective)
  • bonn geal m (“silver coin”)
  • ceanngheal (“white-headed”, adjective)
  • fíon geal m (“white wine”)
  • gealacán m (“white of egg, of eye; kneecap”)
  • gealach f (“moon”)
  • gealán m (“aurora”)
  • geal-liath (“white”, adjective) (of hair)
  • gile f (“whiteness, brightness”)
  • plúr geal m (“white flour”)
  • tae geal m (“white tea”)

Verb

geal (present analytic gealann, future analytic gealfaidh, verbal noun gealadh, past participle gealta)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) whiten, brighten; clear
    Gheal an spéir. ― The sky cleared.
  2. (transitive, intransitive, figuratively) make, become, glad, happy, fond

Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present gealaim gealann tú;
gealair†		 gealann sé, sí gealaimid gealann sibh gealann siad;
gealaid†		 a ghealann; a ghealas /
a ngealann*; a ngealas*		 gealtar
past gheal mé; ghealas gheal tú; ghealais gheal sé, sí ghealamar; gheal muid gheal sibh; ghealabhair gheal siad; ghealadar a gheal /
ar gheal*		 gealadh
past habitual ghealainn ghealtá ghealadh sé, sí ghealaimis; ghealadh muid ghealadh sibh ghealaidís; ghealadh siad a ghealadh /
ar ghealadh*		 ghealtaí
future gealfaidh mé;
gealfad		 gealfaidh tú;
gealfair†		 gealfaidh sé, sí gealfaimid;
gealfaidh muid		 gealfaidh sibh gealfaidh siad;
gealfaid†		 a ghealfaidh; a ghealfas /
a ngealfaidh*; a ngealfas*		 gealfar
conditional ghealfainn / ngealfainn‡‡ ghealfá / ngealfᇇ ghealfadh sé, sí / ngealfadh sé, s퇇 ghealfaimis; ghealfadh muid / ngealfaimis‡‡; ngealfadh muid‡‡ ghealfadh sibh / ngealfadh sibh‡‡ ghealfaidís; ghealfadh siad / ngealfaidís‡‡; ngealfadh siad‡‡ a ghealfadh /
ar ghealfadh*		 ghealfaí / ngealfa퇇
subjunctive present go ngeala mé;
go ngealad†		 go ngeala tú;
go ngealair†		 go ngeala sé, sí go ngealaimid;
go ngeala muid		 go ngeala sibh go ngeala siad;
go ngealaid†		 — go ngealtar
past dá ngealainn dá ngealtá dá ngealadh sé, sí dá ngealaimis;
dá ngealadh muid		 dá ngealadh sibh dá ngealaidís;
dá ngealadh siad		 — dá ngealtaí
imperative gealaim geal gealadh sé, sí gealaimis gealaigí;
gealaidh†		 gealaidís — gealtar
verbal noun gealadh
past participle gealta

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
geal gheal ngeal
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • "geal" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
  • “1 gel” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish gel, from Proto-Celtic *gelos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₂- (“to shine”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kʲaɫ̪/

Adjective

geal (comparative gile)

  1. white, bright, pale
    Ma 's e 'n t-iasg do choinnlean geala, ma 's e na ròin do luchd-faire...
    If the fish are thy candles bright, if the seals are thy watchmen...

Declension
Case Masculine singular Feminine singular Plural
Nominative geal gheal geala
Vocative ghil ghil geala
Genitive ghil ghil/gile geala
Dative geal/gheal ghil/gheal geala

The distribution of the lenited vs unlenited forms is mostly determined by the presence or absence of the definite article. Plural forms depend on the method of plural formation of the noun.

Derived terms

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
RadicalLenition
gealgheal
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

See also

References
  • “1 gel” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
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