geler
French
Etymology
From Old French geler, from Latin gelāre, present active infinitive of gelō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒə.le/
audio (file)
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated mostly like the regular -er verbs (parler and chanter and so on), but the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-. For example, in the third-person singular present indicative, we have il gèle rather than *il gele. Other verbs conjugated this way include lever and mener. Related but distinct conjugations include those of appeler and préférer.
Conjugation of geler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | gelant /ʒə.lɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | gelé /ʒə.le/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | geler | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | gelant /ʒə.lɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gèle /ʒɛl/ |
gèles /ʒɛl/ |
gèle /ʒɛl/ |
gelons /ʒə.lɔ̃/ |
gelez /ʒə.le/ |
gèlent /ʒɛl/ |
| imperfect | gelais /ʒə.lɛ/ |
gelais /ʒə.lɛ/ |
gelait /ʒə.lɛ/ |
gelions /ʒə.ljɔ̃/ |
geliez /ʒə.lje/ |
gelaient /ʒə.lɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | gelai /ʒə.le/ |
gelas /ʒə.la/ |
gela /ʒə.la/ |
gelâmes /ʒə.lam/ |
gelâtes /ʒə.lat/ |
gelèrent /ʒə.lɛʁ/ | |
| future | gèlerai /ʒɛl.ʁe/ |
gèleras /ʒɛl.ʁa/ |
gèlera /ʒɛl.ʁa/ |
gèlerons /ʒɛl.ʁɔ̃/ |
gèlerez /ʒɛl.ʁe/ |
gèleront /ʒɛl.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | gèlerais /ʒɛl.ʁɛ/ |
gèlerais /ʒɛl.ʁɛ/ |
gèlerait /ʒɛl.ʁɛ/ |
gèlerions /ʒɛ.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
gèleriez /ʒɛ.lə.ʁje/ |
gèleraient /ʒɛl.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gèle /ʒɛl/ |
gèles /ʒɛl/ |
gèle /ʒɛl/ |
gelions /ʒə.ljɔ̃/ |
geliez /ʒə.lje/ |
gèlent /ʒɛl/ |
| imperfect2 | gelasse /ʒə.las/ |
gelasses /ʒə.las/ |
gelât /ʒə.la/ |
gelassions /ʒə.la.sjɔ̃/ |
gelassiez /ʒə.la.sje/ |
gelassent /ʒə.las/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | gèle /ʒɛl/ |
— | gelons /ʒə.lɔ̃/ |
gelez /ʒə.le/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “geler” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
German
Latin
Old French
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-iels, *-ielt are modified to ieus, ieut. This verb has a stressed present stem giel distinct from the unstressed stem gel. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of geler (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | geler | avoir gelé | |||||
| gerund | en gelant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | gelant | ||||||
| past participle | gelé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | giel | gieles | giele | gelons | gelez | gielent |
| imperfect | geloie, geleie, geloe, geleve | geloies, geleies, geloes, geleves | geloit, geleit, gelot, geleve | geliiens, geliens | geliiez, geliez | geloient, geleient, geloent, gelevent | |
| preterite | gelai | gelas | gela | gelames | gelastes | gelerent | |
| future | gelerai | geleras | gelera | gelerons | geleroiz, gelereiz, gelerez | geleront | |
| conditional | geleroie, gelereie | geleroies, gelereies | geleroit, gelereit | geleriiens, geleriens | geleriiez, geleriez | geleroient, gelereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | giel | gieus | gieut | gelons | gelez | gielent |
| imperfect | gelasse | gelasses | gelast | gelissons, gelissiens | gelissoiz, gelissez, gelissiez | gelassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | giele | — | gelons | gelez | — | ||
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