gaan

See also: gån and gåån

Afrikaans

Alternative forms

gaat (dialectal)

Etymology

From Dutch gaan, from Middle Dutch gâen, from Old Dutch gān, from a fusion of Proto-Germanic *gāną and *ganganą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁-, *ǵʰengʰ-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈχɑːn/

Verb

gaan (present gaan, present participle gaande, past participle gegaan)

to go
Used to express the future tense, often while implying nearness in time or certainty, like English going to.

Derived terms

aangaan (“concern (with)”)
afgaan (“descend”)
agteruitgaan (“deteriorate”)
begaan (“not to concern”)
deurgaan (“go through”)
heengaan (“pass away”)
ingaan (“enter”)
losgaan (“come loose”)
meegaan (“accompany”)
nagaan (“review”)
ondergaan (“subjected to”)
ontgaan (“slip (one's mind)”)
oopgaan (“open”)
oorgaan (“review”)
opgaan (“ascend”)
rondgaan (“go around”)
saamgaan (“accompany”)
teengaan (“resist”)
toegaan (“close”)
uitgaan (“exit, leave”)
verbygaan (“pass”)
voorgaan (“lead”)
voortgaan (“continue”)
vooruitgaan (“go ahead”)
weggaan (“leave”)
teëgaan

Aukan

Etymology

From English grand.

Adjective

gaan

big, large

Derived terms

gaanse (“majority (of something, some group, etc)”, literally “big side”)

References

Aukan-English Dictionary (SIL), citing Vernon (1985)

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch gâen, from Old Dutch gān, from a fusion of Proto-Germanic *gāną and *ganganą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁-, *ǵʰengʰ-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɣaːn/
audio (Belgium) (file)
audio (Netherlands) (file)
Hyphenation: gaan
Rhymes: -aːn

Verb

gaan

(intransitive) to go, to move from one place to another
Ik ga naar het strand.
I'm going to the beach.

Die auto gaat nergens naartoe.
That car isn't going anywhere.
(intransitive) to leave or depart, to move away
Morgen gaan ze weer.
They're leaving again tomorrow.
(intransitive) to lead (in a direction)
Deze weg gaat helemaal naar Limburg.
This road goes all the way to Limburg.
(intransitive) to proceed (well or poorly)
Dat ging goed.
That went well.

Hoe gaat het?
How is it going?

Dat gaat niet.
That won't work.
(auxiliary) Forms the future tense of a verb, similarly to English going to future tense
Het gaat toch niet werken.
It is not going to work anyway.
(auxiliary) to start to, begin to, to be going to
De zon gaat weer schijnen.
The sun is starting to shine again.

Ik ga slapen.
I'm going to sleep.

Het gaat zo regenen.
It's going to start raining soon.

Usage notes

zullen is also used for the future tense, but sounds more formal
In questions, the past tense ging(en) in the sense of “to go” can be used to indicate the present. In Dutch, one can ask “Ging je nog naar die verjaardag vanavond?” which means “Are you still going to that birthday party tonight?”. The question implies there was a plan to go to the said party, and asks for confirmation that the plan is still on. This exceptional use of the past tense with a present meaning is also seen for the verb moeten.

Inflection

Inflection of gaan (strong class 7, irregular)
infinitive	gaan
past singular	ging
past participle	gegaan
infinitive	gaan
gerund	gaan n
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	ga	ging
2nd person sing. (jij)	gaat	ging
2nd person sing. (u)	gaat	ging
2nd person sing. (gij)	gaat	gingt
3rd person singular	gaat	ging
plural	gaan	gingen

subjunctive sing.¹	ga	ginge
subjunctive plur.¹	gaan	gingen

imperative sing.	ga
imperative plur.¹	gaat

participles	gaand	gegaan
¹⁾ Archaic.

Derived terms

Related terms

gang

Descendants

Afrikaans: gaan

Anagrams

ga na, naga

Navajo

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *-ɢa̓·ŋ-əʔ.

Cognates:

Apachean: Western Apache -gan, Chiricahua -gan, Jicarilla -gan, Lipan -gąą’, Plains Apache -gąą
Others: Tsuut’ina -gànὰ’, Hupa -ɢan-, Mattole, -gaane’, Galice gaaneʔ, Chilcotin -gán, Slavey -gǫ́’, Hare -góné’, Dogrib -gǫ̀, Dene Sųłiné -gané, Sekani -gòne’, Dunneza -góné’, Central Tanana -gonaʔ, Hän -gæ̀nn’, Ahtna -ɢaane’, Dena'ina -ɢuna, Eyak -ɢəla’, Tlingit jín ("hand")

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kɑ̀ːn], [kɣɑ̀ːn]

Noun

-gaan (inalienable, e.g., shigaan "my arm", bigaan "her/his/its/their arm"), compound form: gąą-, gą-, gan-

arm, foreleg, limb, branch, front wheel

Derived terms

chidí bigaan (“front wheel of car”)
-gaan ahánáwoʼó gónaa (“knuckle/wrist/elbow/shoulder joint”)
-gaan bitaʼ sitání (“humerus, upper arm bone”) (confer -gąąstsʼin bitaʼ sitání)
-gaan kʼézʼáí (“paralyzed/stiff arm”) (confer -gąą doo ahą́ą́h ndeełí)
gaanee (“by hand, manual, armway”)
- gaanee naanish (“manual labor, hand labor, unskilled labor”)
-gaanlóóʼ (“forearm, lower arm, ulna”) (also -gąąlóóʼ)
-ganighah (“area of scapula, back of arm”) (also -gąąghah, confer -gąnaghah, -gąną́ghah)
-gąnaghah (“around back of arm over shoulder”) (also -gąną́ghah, confer -gąąghah, -ganighah)
-gąnághah (“around back of arm over shoulder”) (also -gąnąghah, confer -gąąghah, -ganighah)
-gąą agodí (“cut-off arm”) (confer -gąąʼagod)
-gąą doo ahą́ą́h ndeełí (“stiff/paralyzed arm”) (confer -gaan kʼézʼáí)
-gąąʼagod (“amputated arm stump”) (confer -gąą agodí)
-gąąbąstʼáán (“arm on fletching”)
-gąądikééʼ (“human arm prints, quadruped foreleg prints”)
-gąądoh (“arm muscle”)
-gąąghah (“area of scapula, back of arm”) (also -ganighah, confer gąnaghah, -gąną́ghah)
-gąąghahashjééʼ (“shoulder bands”)

-gąąghahaztʼiʼ (“shoulder band”)
-gąąkʼis (“arm/foreleg missing, one-armed”)
-gąąlóóʼ (“forearm, lower arm, ulna”) (also -gaanlóóʼ)
-gąąstsiin (“scapula, shoulder blade”) (also -gą́ą́stsiin, confer -gąątsʼin, -gąątsʼiin)
- -gąąstsiin ałchʼįʼ nahííláhí (“spinal area between scapula”)
- -gąąstsiin ałchʼįʼ nihiníláagi (“between shoulder blades, horse withers”)
-gą́ą́stsiin (“scapula, shoulder blade”) (also -gąąstsiin)
-gąąstsiin (“shoulder blade, arm bone”) (confer gąątsʼin, -gąąstsiin, -gą́ą́stsiin)
-gąątsʼin (“arm/foreleg bone”) (confer gąąstsiin, -gą́ą́stsiin, -gąąstsʼiin)
- -gąąstsʼin bitaʼ sitání (“humerus, upper arm bone”) (confer -gaan bitaʼ sitání)
-gąąyaaí (“forearm”)
-gąązhnézhí (“arm fringes”)
-gąązis (“sleeve”) (also -gąąziz)
-gąąziz (“sleeve”) (also -gąązis)
-láshgaan (“fingernail, bird claw, quadruped fore-claws”)
-késhgaan (“toenail, quadruped hind-claws”)
ńdíshchííʼ bigaan (“pine branch”)
tsin bigaan (“tree limb”)

Scots

Etymology

From Old English gān (“to go”). An alternative (and arguably more phonetically neutral; see the pronunciations given) spelling of gan or gaun.

Pronunciation

Phonetic transcriptions: IPA^(key): [ɡɑːn], [ɡɒːn]
Phonemic transcription: IPA^(key): /ɡan/

The latter is the more traditional form.

In some compounds it frequently becomes IPA^(key): /ɡən/, e.g. gaan oot IPA^(key): /ɡən ut/, gaan in IPA^(key): /ɡən ɪn/.

Verb

gaan (third-person singular present gaans, present participle gaan, past went or wett, past participle been)

(South Scots) to go
Where div ee hink ee'r gaan at this time o night?
Where do you think you're going at this time of night?

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