frjósa

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse frjósa, from Proto-Germanic *freusaną, from Proto-Indo-European *prews-, *prus-.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈfrjouːsa/
  • Rhymes: -ouːsa

Verb

frjósa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative fraus, third-person plural past indicative frusu, supine frosið)

  1. (intransitive) to freeze

Conjugation
frjósa — active voice (germynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur)		 að frjósa
supine
(sagnbót)		 frosið
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		 frjósandi
indicative
(framsöguháttur)		 subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð)		 ég frýs við frjósum present
(nútíð)		 ég frjósi við frjósum
þú frýst þið frjósið þú frjósir þið frjósið
hann, hún, það frýs þeir, þær, þau frjósa hann, hún, það frjósi þeir, þær, þau frjósi
past
(þátíð)		 ég fraus við frusum past
(þátíð)		 ég frysi við frysum
þú fraust þið frusuð þú frysir þið frysuð
hann, hún, það fraus þeir, þær, þau frusu hann, hún, það frysi þeir, þær, þau frysu
imperative
(boðháttur)		 frjós (þú) frjósið (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
frjóstu frjósiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
frosinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging)		 singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)		 feminine
(kvenkyn)		 neuter
(hvorugkyn)		 masculine
(karlkyn)		 feminine
(kvenkyn)		 neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)		 frosinn frosin frosið frosnir frosnar frosin
accusative
(þolfall)		 frosinn frosna frosið frosna frosnar frosin
dative
(þágufall)		 frosnum frosinni frosnu frosnum frosnum frosnum
genitive
(eignarfall)		 frosins frosinnar frosins frosinna frosinna frosinna
weak declension
(veik beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)		 feminine
(kvenkyn)		 neuter
(hvorugkyn)		 masculine
(karlkyn)		 feminine
(kvenkyn)		 neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)		 frosni frosna frosna frosnu frosnu frosnu
accusative
(þolfall)		 frosna frosnu frosna frosnu frosnu frosnu
dative
(þágufall)		 frosna frosnu frosna frosnu frosnu frosnu
genitive
(eignarfall)		 frosna frosnu frosna frosnu frosnu frosnu

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *freusaną, whence also Old English frēosan, Old Saxon and Old High German friosan. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *prews-, *prus-.

Verb

frjósa (singular past indicative fraus, plural past indicative fruru, past participle frosinn)

  1. to freeze
    Synonym: kala

Conjugation

Alternatively, in the Old Icelandic dialect, this verb can receive a weak inflection pattern in its past tenses. See also kjósa for this.

Conjugation of frjósa — active (strong class 2)
infinitive frjósa
present participle frjósandi
past participle frosinn
indicative present past
1st-person singular frýs fraus
2nd-person singular frýss fraust
3rd-person singular frýss fraus
1st-person plural frjósum frusum
2nd-person plural frjósið frusuð
3rd-person plural frjósa frusu
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular frjósa frysa
2nd-person singular frjósir frysir
3rd-person singular frjósi frysi
1st-person plural frjósim frysim
2nd-person plural frjósið frysið
3rd-person plural frjósi frysi
imperative present
2nd-person singular frjós
1st-person plural frjósum
2nd-person plural frjósið
Conjugation of frjósa — mediopassive (strong class 2)
infinitive frjósask
present participle frjósandisk
past participle frosizk
indicative present past
1st-person singular frjósumk frusumk
2nd-person singular frjósk frausk
3rd-person singular frjósk frausk
1st-person plural frjósumsk frusumsk
2nd-person plural frjósizk frusuzk
3rd-person plural frjósask frususk
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular frjósumk frysumk
2nd-person singular frjósisk frysisk
3rd-person singular frjósisk frysisk
1st-person plural frjósimsk frysimsk
2nd-person plural frjósizk frysizk
3rd-person plural frjósisk frysisk
imperative present
2nd-person singular frjósk
1st-person plural frjósumsk
2nd-person plural frjósizk
Conjugation of frjósa — active (strong class 2, weak inflection in past tense)
infinitive frjósa
present participle frjósandi
past participle frerinn, frørinn
indicative present past
1st-person singular frýs frera, frøra
2nd-person singular frýss frerir, frørir
3rd-person singular frýss freri, frøri
1st-person plural frjósum frerum, frørum
2nd-person plural frjósið freruð, frøruð
3rd-person plural frjósa freru, frøru
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular frjósa frera, frøra
2nd-person singular frjósir frerir, frørir
3rd-person singular frjósir freri, frøri
1st-person plural frjósim frerim, frørim
2nd-person plural frjósið frerið, frørið
3rd-person plural frjósi freri, frøri
imperative present
2nd-person singular frjós
1st-person plural frjósum
2nd-person plural frjósið
Conjugation of frjósa — mediopassive (strong class 2, weak inflection in past tense)
infinitive frjósask
present participle frjósandisk
past participle frerinn, frørizk
indicative present past
1st-person singular frjósumk frerumk, frørumk
2nd-person singular frýsk frerisk, frørisk
3rd-person singular frýsk frerisk, frørisk
1st-person plural frjósumsk frerumsk, frørumsk
2nd-person plural frjósizk freruzk, frøruzk
3rd-person plural frjósask frerusk, frørusk
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular frjósumk frerumk, frørumk
2nd-person singular frjósisk frerisk, frørisk
3rd-person singular frjósisk frerisk, frørisk
1st-person plural frjósimsk frerimsk, frørimsk
2nd-person plural frjósizk frerizk, frørizk
3rd-person plural frjósisk frerisk, frørisk
imperative present
2nd-person singular frjósk
1st-person plural frjósumsk
2nd-person plural frjósizk

Descendants
  • Icelandic: frjósa
  • Faroese: frosin (adjective from the past participle)
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: frjosa (obsolete); frysa, fryse
  • Norwegian Bokmål: fryse
  • Swedish: frysa
  • Danish: fryse
  • Elfdalian: friuosa

References
  • frjósa in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
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