estre

See also: -estre

English

Etymology

From Old French estre (“state, plan”).

Noun

estre (plural estres)

  1. (archaic or obsolete) The indoor layout or plan of a castle.
    • 1954, C. S. Lewis, The Horse and His Boy, Chapter 15, page 239,
      "And tomorrow, Cor," he added, shalt come over all the castle with me and see the estres and mark all its strength and weakness: for it will be thine to guard when I'm gone."

See also

References
  • estre in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

Anagrams

French

Alternative forms
  • eſtre

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɛtʁ/

Verb

estre

  1. Archaic spelling of être.

Conjugation
Conjugation of estre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
present participle estant
/e.tɑ̃/
past participle esté
/e.te/
infinitive
simple estre
compound avoir + past participle
gerund1
simple estant
/e.tɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present suis
/sɥi/		 es
/ɛ/		 est
/ɛ/		 sommes
/sɔm/		 estes
/ɛt/		 sont
/sɔ̃/
imperfect estois
/e.tɛ/		 estois
/e.tɛ/		 estoit
/e.tɛ/		 estions
/e.tjɔ̃/		 estiez
/e.tje/		 estoient
/e.tɛ/
past historic2 fus
/fy/		 fus
/fy/		 fut
/fy/		 fumes
/fym/		 fustes
/fyt/		 furent
/fyʁ/
future seroi
/sə.ʁe/		 seras
/sə.ʁa/		 sera
/sə.ʁa/		 serons
/sə.ʁɔ̃/		 serez
/sə.ʁe/		 seront
/sə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional serois
/sə.ʁɛ/		 serois
/sə.ʁɛ/		 seroit
/sə.ʁɛ/		 serions
/sə.ʁjɔ̃/		 seriez
/sə.ʁje/		 seroient
/sə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present sois
/swa/		 sois
/swa/		 soit
/swa/		 soyons
/swa.jɔ̃/		 soyez
/swa.je/		 soient
/swa/
imperfect2 fusse
/fys/		 fusses
/fys/		 fust
/fy/		 fussions
/fy.sjɔ̃/		 fussiez
/fy.sje/		 fussent
/fys/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — sois
/swa/		 — soyons
/swa.jɔ̃/		 soyez
/swa.je/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 Only usable with preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Anagrams

Hungarian

Etymology

est +‎ -re

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈɛʃtrɛ]
  • Hyphenation: est‧re

Noun

estre

  1. sublative singular of est

Middle French

Etymology

From two sources:

Verb

estre

  1. to be

Conjugation
  • Like Modern French être, highly irregular.
  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
   Conjugation of estre
simple compound
infinitive estre avoir esté
gerund en estant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle estant
past participle esté
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (may be i' before a vowel) tu il nous vous ilz, elles
simple
tenses		 present suis, suys, sui es est sommes estes sont
imperfect estois, estoys estois, estoys estoit, estoyt estions estiez estoyent, estoient
past historic fus fus fut fumes fustes furent
future seroi seras sera serons serez seront
conditional serois, seroys serois, seroys seroit, seroyt serions seriez seroient, seroyent
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que ie que tu qu'il que nous que vous qu'ilz, qu'elles
simple
tenses		 present sois, soys sois, soys soit, soyt soyons soyez soyent, soient
imperfect fusse fusses fust fussions fussiez fussent
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
— sois, soys — soyons soyez —

Noun

estre m (plural estres)

  1. being (creature, entity)

Quotations
  • For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:estre.

Descendants

Old French
FWOTD – 10 July 2013

Etymology

From Latin sūm (infinitive: esse). Compare with ester.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɛs.trə/

Verb

estre

  1. to be

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of estre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive estre avoir esté
gerund en estant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle estant
past participle esté
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present sui es, ies est somes, esmes estes sont
imperfect iere, ere, estoie, esteie ieres, eres, estoies, esteies iere, iereṭ, ere, ereṭ, iert, ert, estoit, esteit eriiens, erions, estiiens, estiens eriiez, estiiez, estiez ierent, erent, estoient, esteient
preterite fui fus fu fumes fustes furent
future ier, er, serai, estrai iers, ers, seras, estras iert, ert, sera, estra iermes, ermes, serons, estrons seroiz, sereiz, serez, estroiz, estreiz, estrez ierent, erent, seront, estront
conditional seroie, sereie, estroie, estreie seroies, sereies, estroies, estreies seroit, sereit, estroit, estreit seriiens, seriens, estriiens, estriens seriiez, seriez, estriiez, estriez seroient, sereient, estroient, estreient
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present soie soies soit soiiens, soions soiiez soient
imperfect fusse fusses fust fussons, fussiens fussoiz, fussez, fussiez fussent
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— soies — soiiens, soions soiiez —

Quotations
  • For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:estre.

Descendants

See also
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