ernaid
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *ɸirnati, from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃-. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔπορον (époron). The present stem is unattested in Old Irish, but the inflection as a B IV present (with n suffix) is confirmed by Middle Irish forms.
Inflection
Simple, class B IV present, suffixless preterite, reduplicated future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | |||||||||
| Preterite | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | ·ír | ·ratha | |||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ro·ír ronn·ír (with infixed pronoun n-) |
ro·ratha | ||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Abs. | ebarthi (with suffixed pronoun -i) | ebarthir | ||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Conditional | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | ·ǽra (attested as ra·ǽra, a ro-form with infixed pronoun a-) | ·erthar (attested as ro·erthar, a ro-form) | |||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | ·erthe (attested as ro·erthe, a ro-form) | ||||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | |||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Further reading
- “ernaid” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
- Rudolf Thurneysen (1940) A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page 463
- Holger Pedersen, Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1913, vol. II, p. 513
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