caballus

Disputed. Generally believed[1] to be from Gaulish/Transalpine Gaulish caballos.[2]. This term is cognate to Welsh ceffyl,[3][1] Manx cabbyl,[1] Scottish Gaelic and Irish capall.[1]

Also compared is Ancient Greek καβάλλης (kabállēs, “nag”), in turn possibly a borrowing from a Balkan, Anatolian, or northeast European language. Compare Turkish kaval, adjunct of at (“horse”), Proto-Slavic *kobýla.

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /kaˈbal.lus/, [kaˈbal.lʊs]

caballus m (genitive caballī); second declension

1. (Late Latin) horse; nag
2. pack-horse, jade, hack

• In Classical Latin, the word equus is used for a horse, and caballus is used only by poets. It is only later, in Vulgar and Late Latin, that caballus appears in prose.

Second declension.

• equus

• Albanian: kalë
• Aromanian: cal
• Corsican: cavaddu, cavallu
  • Gallurese: cabaddu, caddu
• Dalmatian: cavul
• Emilian: cavàl
• Extremaduran: cavallu
• Franco-Provençal: chavel
• Friulian: cjaval, čhaval
• Istro-Romanian: co
• Istriot: caval
• Italian: cavallo
  • → Alemannic German: Kawall
  • → Greek: καβάλος (kaválos)
• Ladin: ciaval
• Ligurian: cavallo
• Lombard: càal
• Navarro-Aragonese:
  • Aragonese: caballo
• Old French: cheval
  • Gallo: ch'fa
  • Middle French: cheval
    • French: cheval
      • Guianese Creole: chouval
      • Haitian Creole: chwal
      • → Malagasy: soavaly
      • → English: cheval
      • → Garifuna: xuval
  • Picard: quéva, g'va, kvau
  • Norman: ch'fa, queva, chéva, j'va, ch'va
  • Tourangeau: chvau
  • Walloon: tchivå, tchvå
• Old Leonese:
  • Asturian: caballu
  • Leonese: caballu, cabalu
  • Mirandese: cabalho
• Old Occitan:
  • Occitan: caval
  • Catalan: cavall
• Old Portuguese: cavalo
  • Galician: cabalo
  • Portuguese: cavalo, cavallo
    • Papiamentu: kabai
• Old Spanish:
  • Ladino: kavayo
  • Spanish: caballo (see there for further descendants)
• Piedmontese: caval
• Romanian: cal
• Romansch: chaval, cavagl, tgavagl, tgaval, chavagl
• Sardinian: cadhu, caddu, cabadhu, cabaddu
• Sicilian: cavaddu
• Tagalog: kabayo
• Venetian: cavało, caval
  • → Greek: καβάλα (kavála)
  • ⇒ Venetian: cavałeto
    • → Greek: καβαλέτο (kavaléto)
• → Albanian: kalë, kval, kol

• caballus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• caballus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• caballus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• caballus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Delamarre, X; Lambert, P. -Y. (2003) Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise. Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental, 2nd edition, Paris: Errance, →ISBN