equus

• equos (until the middle of the first century B.C.)
• ecus (the regular development, later remodeled to equus on the analogy of the stem equ- as remained, e.g., in the genitive equi)

From Proto-Italic *ekwos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos), Sanskrit अश्व (áśva), Persian اسب‎ (æsb), Old Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”), Tocharian B yakwe, Gaulish epos.

equus (a horse)

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈe.kʷus/, [ˈɛ.kʷʊs]

• Audio (Classical)

  (file)

equus m (genitive equī); second declension

1. a horse
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid II.48:

     equo ne credite, Teucri! Quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentes.

     Do not trust the horse, Trojans! Whatever it is, I fear the Danaans even if they are bearing gifts.

   • Vergil, Aeneis II, 48 and 110-113 and 150 (edited and translated by H. Rushton Fairclough, Virgil with an English translation I, 1916)

     equo ne credite, Teucri.

     Trust not the horse, ye Trojans.

     saepe illos aspera ponti | interclusit hiems et terruit Auster euntis; | praecipue, cum iam hic trabibus contextus acernis | staret equus, toto sonuerunt aethere nimbi.

     Often a fierce tempest of the deep cut them off and the gale scared them from going. Above all, when yonder horse now stood framed of maple-beams, storm clouds sounded throughout the sky.

     quo molem hanc immanis equi statuere?

     To what end have they set up this huge mass of a horse?

2. a steed, charger
   • Vergil, Georgicon II, 541-542 (edited and translated by H. Rushton Fairclough, Virgil with an English translation I, 1916)

     Sed nos immensum spatiis confecimus aequor, | et iam tempus equum fumantia solvere colla.

     But in our course we have traversed a mighty plain, and now it is time to unyoke the necks of our smoking steeds.

Second declension.

• caballus, form used in Vulgar Latin.
• iumentum (when used to pull carts); armentum (when used to pull plows)

• iumenta (when used to pull carts); armenta (when used to pull plows)

• equisaetum
• equīso

• Translingual: Equus
• English: equine
• Esperanto: ekvo, ekvedo, ekveno
• Portuguese: égua, equino
• Spanish: equino, yegua

• equus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• equus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• equus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• equus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to begin a journey (on foot, on horseback, by land): iter ingredi (pedibus, equo, terra)
    
  • to ride: equo vehi
    
  • to saddle a horse: sternere equum
    
  • to mount: conscendere equum
    
  • to mount: ascendere in equum
    
  • to dismount: descendere ex equo
    
  • to be on horseback: in equo sedere; equo insidēre
    
  • to sit a horse well; to have a good seat: (in) equo haerere
    
  • to put spurs to a horse: calcaria subdere equo
    
  • to put spurs to a horse: calcaribus equum concitare
    
  • at full gallop: equo citato or admisso
    
  • ride against any one at full speed; charge a person: equum in aliquem concitare
    
  • to give a horse the reins: admittere, permittere equum
    
  • to give a horse the reins: frenos dare equo
    
  • to make a horse prance: agitare equum
    
  • to manage a horse: moderari equum
    
  • the horses are panic-stricken, run away: equi consternantur
    
  • to bring horses to the halt when at full gallop: equos incitatos sustinere
    
  • to keep horses, dogs: alere equos, canes
    
  • to serve in the cavalry, infantry: equo, pedibus merere (Liv. 27. 11)
    
  • to capture horses: capere equos
    
  • to fight on horseback: ex equo pugnare