barr

See also: Barr, barr-, bàrr, bárr, bärr, and Bärr

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse barr.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /parː/
  • Rhymes: -arː

Noun

barr n (genitive singular barrs, no plural)

  1. pine needles

Declension
declension of barr
n-s singular
indefinite definite
nominative barr barrið
accusative barr barrið
dative barri barrinu
genitive barrs barrsins

Derived terms

Irish

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish barr (“top, tip, end; crop, produce”), from Proto-Celtic *barros (compare Middle Welsh barr).

Noun

barr m (genitive singular bairr or barr, nominative plural barra)

  1. tip, head, point
  2. top; summit
  3. upper part
  4. surface
  5. coating; cream, scum
  6. (agriculture) crop, cut, yield
  7. yield, result
  8. addition, excess
  9. superiority
  10. extremity
  11. (of wavelength) crest
Declension
Declension of barr

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative barr ba
Vocative a bhairr a bharra
Genitive bairr barr
Dative barr ba

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an barr na ba
Genitive an bhairr na mbarr
Dative leis an mbarr

don bharr

 leis na ba
Alternative declension
Declension of barr

Fourth declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative barr barra
Vocative a bharr a bharra
Genitive barr barra
Dative barr barra

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an barr na barra
Genitive an bharr na mbarra
Dative leis an mbarr

don bharr

 leis na barra
Derived terms
  • ar barr do theanga, do ghoib (“on the tip of one’s tongue”)
  • ar bharr (“on top of; completely”)
  • bain barr de (“vie with”, verb)
  • barr-1 (“outstanding, extraordinary”)
  • barr-2 (“-topped”)
  • barr ar (“in excess of”)
  • barr bua (“supremacy, victory”)
  • barr cátha (“oat-husk tea”)
  • barr láin, barr taoide (“high tide”)
  • barr margaidh (“cash crop”)
  • beir barr (“surpass, overcome”, verb)
  • bun agus barr (“the whole essence”)
  • bun barr (“completely”)
  • cé dhá bharr? (“why?”)
  • dá bharr (“gained”)
  • dá bharr sin (“consequently”)
  • de bharr (“because of”)
  • de bharr ar (“in addition to; in preference to”)
  • de bharr go (“because”)
  • dul i mbarr (“deprive”, verb)
  • i mbarr d’anama (“with all one’s strength”)
  • i mbarr do chéille (“out of one’s senses”)
  • ó bhun go barr (“completely, from top to bottom”)
  • príomhbharr (“main crop”)
  • tabhair ar barr (“bring up, mention”, verb)
  • tabhair barr (“surpass, excel”, verb)
  • thar barr (“excellent, exceedingly”)
  • thar barr amach (“outright, completely”)
  • uchtbharr (“parapet”)
  • cafarr (“helmet, headpiece; kerchief”)

Verb

barr (present analytic barrann, future analytic barrfaidh, verbal noun barradh, past participle barrtha)

  1. (transitive) top; surpass
  2. (transitive, of nail) clinch
Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present barraim barrann tú;
barrair†		 barrann sé, sí barraimid barrann sibh barrann siad;
barraid†		 a bharrann; a bharras /
a mbarrann*; a mbarras*		 barrtar
past bharr mé; bharras bharr tú; bharrais bharr sé, sí bharramar; bharr muid bharr sibh; bharrabhair bharr siad; bharradar a bharr /
ar bharr*		 barradh
past habitual bharrainn bharrtá bharradh sé, sí bharraimis; bharradh muid bharradh sibh bharraidís; bharradh siad a bharradh /
ar bharradh*		 bharrtaí
future barrfaidh mé;
barrfad		 barrfaidh tú;
barrfair†		 barrfaidh sé, sí barrfaimid;
barrfaidh muid		 barrfaidh sibh barrfaidh siad;
barrfaid†		 a bharrfaidh; a bharrfas /
a mbarrfaidh*; a mbarrfas*		 barrfar
conditional bharrfainn / mbarrfainn‡‡ bharrfá / mbarrfᇇ bharrfadh sé, sí / mbarrfadh sé, s퇇 bharrfaimis; bharrfadh muid / mbarrfaimis‡‡; mbarrfadh muid‡‡ bharrfadh sibh / mbarrfadh sibh‡‡ bharrfaidís; bharrfadh siad / mbarrfaidís‡‡; mbarrfadh siad‡‡ a bharrfadh /
ar bharrfadh*		 bharrfaí / mbarrfa퇇
subjunctive present go mbarra mé;
go mbarrad†		 go mbarra tú;
go mbarrair†		 go mbarra sé, sí go mbarraimid;
go mbarra muid		 go mbarra sibh go mbarra siad;
go mbarraid†		 — go mbarrtar
past dá mbarrainn dá mbarrtá dá mbarradh sé, sí dá mbarraimis;
dá mbarradh muid		 dá mbarradh sibh dá mbarraidís;
dá mbarradh siad		 — dá mbarrtaí
imperative barraim barr barradh sé, sí barraimis barraigí;
barraidh†		 barraidís — barrtar
verbal noun barradh
past participle barrtha

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Etymology 2

Compare English bar.

Noun

barr m (genitive singular bairr)

  1. bar, hindrance
Declension
Declension of barr

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative barr
Vocative a bhairr
Genitive bairr
Dative barr

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular
Nominative an barr
Genitive an bhairr
Dative leis an mbarr

don bharr

Verb

barr (present analytic barrann, future analytic barrfaidh, verbal noun barradh, past participle barrtha)

  1. (transitive) bar, hinder
Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present barraim barrann tú;
barrair†		 barrann sé, sí barraimid barrann sibh barrann siad;
barraid†		 a bharrann; a bharras /
a mbarrann*; a mbarras*		 barrtar
past bharr mé; bharras bharr tú; bharrais bharr sé, sí bharramar; bharr muid bharr sibh; bharrabhair bharr siad; bharradar a bharr /
ar bharr*		 barradh
past habitual bharrainn bharrtá bharradh sé, sí bharraimis; bharradh muid bharradh sibh bharraidís; bharradh siad a bharradh /
ar bharradh*		 bharrtaí
future barrfaidh mé;
barrfad		 barrfaidh tú;
barrfair†		 barrfaidh sé, sí barrfaimid;
barrfaidh muid		 barrfaidh sibh barrfaidh siad;
barrfaid†		 a bharrfaidh; a bharrfas /
a mbarrfaidh*; a mbarrfas*		 barrfar
conditional bharrfainn / mbarrfainn‡‡ bharrfá / mbarrfᇇ bharrfadh sé, sí / mbarrfadh sé, s퇇 bharrfaimis; bharrfadh muid / mbarrfaimis‡‡; mbarrfadh muid‡‡ bharrfadh sibh / mbarrfadh sibh‡‡ bharrfaidís; bharrfadh siad / mbarrfaidís‡‡; mbarrfadh siad‡‡ a bharrfadh /
ar bharrfadh*		 bharrfaí / mbarrfa퇇
subjunctive present go mbarra mé;
go mbarrad†		 go mbarra tú;
go mbarrair†		 go mbarra sé, sí go mbarraimid;
go mbarra muid		 go mbarra sibh go mbarra siad;
go mbarraid†		 — go mbarrtar
past dá mbarrainn dá mbarrtá dá mbarradh sé, sí dá mbarraimis;
dá mbarradh muid		 dá mbarradh sibh dá mbarraidís;
dá mbarradh siad		 — dá mbarrtaí
imperative barraim barr barradh sé, sí barraimis barraigí;
barraidh†		 barraidís — barrtar
verbal noun barradh
past participle barrtha

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
barr bharr mbarr
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • "barr" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
  • “1 barr” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
  • Entries containing “barr” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “barr” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Middle Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *barros (compare Irish barr), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers-.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /bar/

Noun

barr m (plural barriau)

  1. top
  2. summit, crest

Mutation
Middle Welsh mutation
RadicalSoftNasalAspirate
barruarr / varrmarrunchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *baraz.

Noun

barr n

  1. acicular leaves, needles (of the fir or pine)
  2. barley

Derived terms
  • barraxlaðr (“high-shouldered, with sharp, prominent shoulderbones”)
  • barrviðr (“pine-forrest; the wood of the fir”)

Descendants

References
  • barr in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • Entry "barr" on page 43 in: Geir T. Zoëga "A Concise Dictionary of Old Islandic", Oxford at the Claredon Press (1910).

Romani

Noun

barr m (plural barr)

  1. stone

Derived terms
  • barrari
  • barruno

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse barr.

Noun

barr n

  1. needle; leaf of a coniferous tree
  2. (dated, slang, uncountable) hair

Declension
Declension of barr 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative barr barret barr barren
Genitive barrs barrets barrs barrens

See also

Noun

barr c

  1. (gymnastics) parallel bars

Declension
Declension of barr 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative barr barren barrar barrarna
Genitive barrs barrens barrars barrarnas
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