ailid
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *aleti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂életi. Cognate with Middle Welsh Middle Welsh alu (“bear young”), Latin alō (“I feed, nourish”), Old English alan (“to nourish”).
The future stem has eb- extracted from reduplicated futures like ebarthi (“will bestow it”) (from Proto-Celtic *ɸiɸrāti) and ·ebla¹ (“will drive”) (from Proto-Celtic *ɸiɸlāti) and reinterpreted as a future marker.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈalʲiðʲ/
Verb
ailid (conjunct ·ail, verbal noun altram)
- to nourish
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5b28
- is inse ṅduit; ní tú nod·n-ail, acht is hé not·ail.
- it is impossible for you sg; it is not you that nourishes it, but it that nourishes you
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5b28
- to rear, foster
Conjugation
Simple, class B I present, t preterite, reduplicated future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | ailit | ailtir | ||||||
| Conj. | ·ail | ·alar | |||||||
| Rel. | ailes | ailte | |||||||
| Imperfect indicative | |||||||||
| Preterite | Abs. | altae | |||||||
| Conj. | ·alt | ·altammar | ·altatar | ·alt | |||||
| Rel. | altae | ||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Abs. | ebeltair | |||||||
| Conj. | ·ebela, ·ebla | ||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Conditional | ·ebelad | ·ebeltae | |||||||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | ·almais | ||||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | altram | ||||||||
| Past participle | ailte, altai (plural) | ||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Descendants
- Irish: oil
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| ailid | unchanged | n-ailid |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- Thurneysen, Grammar of Old Irish, § 649
Further reading
- “ailid” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
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